1. Fermilab Proton Driver Keith Gollwitzer Accelerator Division Fermilab IDS-NF 8th Plenary Meeting Apr 18-20, 2012

2. Outline • Project X Summary • Review of Task Force • Project X Upgrades • Accumulation & Compressor Rings Gollwitzer -- 8th IDS-NF Meeting

3. Project X Goals Mission Elements • Provide a neutrino beam for long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments based on a capability of targeting at least 2 MW on proton beam power at any energy between 60-120 GeV. • Provide MW-class, multi-GeV, proton beams supporting multiple kaon, muon and neutrino based precision experiments. Simultaneous operations of the rare processes and neutrino programs are required. • Provide a path toward a muon source for possible future Neutrino Factory and/or Muon Collider. • Provide Options for implementing a program of Standard Model tests with nuclei and/or nuclear energy applications. Gollwitzer -- 8th IDS-NF Meeting

4. Project X Cartoon Gollwitzer -- 8th IDS-NF Meeting

5. Project X Summary • CW Linac will support average beam current of 1 mA to 3 GeV • Pulsed Linac (3-8 GeV) will have a ~5% duty factor operating at 10 Hz • Possible 8 GeV beam power of 320 kW • Programmable Chopper System (part of H- source) will provide appropriate bunch structure for the linac experiments as well as fill the appropriate part of the RF buckets in the accumulating Recycler Ring Gollwitzer -- 8th IDS-NF Meeting

6. Desired Project X Siting Gollwitzer -- 8th IDS-NF Meeting

7. Desired Project X Siting 3 GeV CW Linac 3 GeV Experiments 8 GeV Transfer Line 3-8 GeV PulsedLinac Tevatron Tunnel Main Injector & Recycler Gollwitzer -- 8th IDS-NF Meeting

8. Neutrino Factory • Upgrade Project X • 4 MW at 8 GeV • Increase particles per linac bunch • Increase pulsed linac duty factor • Repackage linac beam for ~50 Hz delivery • Accumulator Ring • Collect linac beam into bunches • Compressor Ring • Narrow bunches to <= 3 ns • Single Bunch Transfer/Extraction Gollwitzer -- 8th IDS-NF Meeting

9. Neutrino Factory Layout Accumulator Ring 4MW Target Compressor Ring ?? ?? ?? Gollwitzer -- 8th IDS-NF Meeting

10. Task Force • Fermilab Management established a group to identify the upgrade path from Project X and look into feasibility of providing the desired 4MW beam • Agreed on Project X upgrade numbers • Increase to 5 mA average current • Increase pulse linac duty factor to 10% at 15Hz • Outlined options/limitations • Striping • Accumulator and Compressor Rings • Final Focus Gollwitzer -- 8th IDS-NF Meeting

11. Project X Upgrade Path • Front End (more particles per bunch) • Project X ion source will be capable of 15mA • Initial run at 5 ma • NF era would run at 10mA • LEBT, RFQ, MEBT are being designed for the higher current • Beam chopping system absorber is being redesigned for NF • CW Linac (average current 1mA to 5mA) • Retuning of RF couplers for better efficiency for NF • Collimation and beam absorber are being redesigned for the higher current Gollwitzer -- 8th IDS-NF Meeting

12. Project X Upgrade Path • Pulsed Linac (5% to 10% &10 Hz to 15 Hz) • More RF power • Upgrade to 125 kW per cavity • Upgrade of couplers • Power goes from 2 kW to 15 kW • More cryocapicity • Conventional Facilities • More water cooling • Building space • More cryo equipment • More Klystrons Gollwitzer -- 8th IDS-NF Meeting

13. Neutrino Factory Operation Scenario • Task force has considered 15Hz pulsed linac versus 50Hz desired for NF • In Accumulator, will run h=9 (or 12) RF system. • Front end chopper will be synchronized to send 50% of the 10mA beam (5mA average in CW linac) to be captured by the Accumulator RF • 3 bunches will be removed at a time to the Compressor: effectively 45 Hz (or 60Hz) • Compressor ring bunches are extracted to form bunch train to NF target Gollwitzer -- 8th IDS-NF Meeting

14. Rings Work • Many people contributed ideas, concerns, calculations for Accumulator and Compressor • Requirements • Stability (better for η<0) • Below transition • Space charge • Bunching • Most “advance” • FODO lattice (D Neuffer) • γT≈ νx (high tune for Cr) • Flexible Momentum Compaction (Y Alexahin) • αp can be tuned • More flexible correction Gollwitzer -- 8th IDS-NF Meeting

15. Accumulator FODO • Simple FODO lattice (72º) • Large dispersion • Linear lattice • Missing magnet dispersion suppressor Gollwitzer -- 8th IDS-NF Meeting

16. Compressor FODO • Simple FODO lattice (90º) • ~ <2T magnets • Smaller dispersion Gollwitzer -- 8th IDS-NF Meeting

17. Accumulator FMC • Baseline cell is 30m long • 6 quads, 4 dipoles • Can change dispersion function with Q center • Negative Dx gives large negative – αp • 8 cells + 2 ~29m straight sections308m ring • Dispersion is straight sections • Room for inj./extrrf • Sextupoles for chromaticity correction Gollwitzer -- 8th IDS-NF Meeting

18. Compressor FMC • Nearly Isochronous lattice • αp =-0.01 • Smaller dispersion • Need more sextupole • 28.5m cells • RF compression • 2000 turns (~2ms) • ~240kV • Δp/p  +/- 1.5% Gollwitzer -- 8th IDS-NF Meeting

19. FMC Ring Parameters Gollwitzer -- 8th IDS-NF Meeting

20. Rings’ Discussion • Where at / What to do • Basic calculations show beam • Stability • Manageable tune shift • Injection • Incoming beam line constrained by 8 GeV Hminus rigidity • Striping • Rotating foil • Laser • Absorber for non-proton particles • Extraction • Kicker parameters Gollwitzer -- 8th IDS-NF Meeting

21. Siting? Could share same tunnel? Gollwitzer -- 8th IDS-NF Meeting

22. Final Focus • Understanding desired proton beam path in 20T solenoid to target • Will beam path miss jet apparatus • How beam size changes as approach shielding-solenoid-target • Where can the last quad be placed • Started interacting with target group about desired beam parameters Gollwitzer -- 8th IDS-NF Meeting

23. Summary • Task Force has shown feasibility that there is an upgrade path for Project X to provide 4 MW at 8 GeV • Beam formatting can be accomplished by the addition of Accumulator and Compressor rings • Design/investigation of rings continues • Interacting with target group in designing final focus beam line. Gollwitzer -- 8th IDS-NF Meeting