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PART I Chapter 18 Archaebacteria & Eubacteria

PART I Chapter 18 Archaebacteria & Eubacteria. Phylogeny. Characteristics. First living evidence on earth Unicellular Prokaryotes (No membrane-bound organelles) Cell wall with internal plasma membrane Found everywhere. Bacteria. Special Features. Pilus/pili - hairlike protrusion

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PART I Chapter 18 Archaebacteria & Eubacteria

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  1. PART IChapter 18Archaebacteria & Eubacteria

  2. Phylogeny

  3. Characteristics • First living evidence on earth • Unicellular • Prokaryotes (No membrane-bound organelles) • Cell wall with internal plasma membrane • Found everywhere

  4. Bacteria

  5. Special Features • Pilus/pili - hairlike protrusion • to stick to surfaces • a bridge for sexual reproduction • Flagellum - long, whiplike protrusion, for moving • Capsule - sticky layers around cell wall • Toxin - a powerful poison • Endospore – found in some bacteria • resists harsh environments

  6. Flagella

  7. Capsules

  8. Endospores

  9. Endospores

  10. Classification: • Shape • Cocci (Spheres), Bacilli (Rods), Spirilli (Spiral) • Gram stain - Cell wall type • Thick = Purple Stain = “Gram Positive” • Thin = Pink Stain = “Gram Negative” • Growth patterns • Diplo- pairs • Staphylo- clusters • Strepto- chains

  11. Shapes

  12. Gram Stain

  13. Growth Patterns

  14. Streptococci

  15. Pneumonia

  16. PART IIChapter 18Archaebacteria & Eubacteria

  17. Archaebacteria – ancient bacteria

  18. Live in more habitable environments Eubacteria - “True” bacteria

  19. Cyanobacteria - “blue-green bacteria”Algae + Bacteria

  20. Sulfur Bacteria

  21. Beneficial Bacteria • Nitrogen fixation • Converts nitrogen into ammonia • a form that plants can use • Nodules • A symbiotic relationship between bacteria and plants

  22. (Beneficial Bacteria) • Saprophytes (decomposers) • Breaks down dead organisms and decaying matter • Returns nutrients to soil

  23. (Beneficial Bacteria) • Make food: • Cheese • Pickles • Yogurt • Vinegar • Sauerkraut

  24. Cellular Respiration

  25. Pathogenic Bacteria – disease-causing bacteria • Pathogen – an organism that causes disease • Produce toxins • Damage host’s tissues • Enter through openings in body (via air, food, water)

  26. Antibiotics:~ Destroys cell wall of bacteria~ Creates holes in the cell walls • Sir Alexander Fleming 1928 - discovered Penicillium notatum

  27. Air-Born

  28. Air-Born Bacteria

  29. Asexual Binary Fission Cell division Rapid - 20 min. Sexual Conjugation – exchange genetic material Pili/pilus - bridge Reproduction

  30. Binary Fission: Asexual Reproduction

  31. Conjugation - Sexual Reproduction

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