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Enhanced Fuel Efficiency through Zirconia and Hafnia-Based Additives

This experiment compares fuel efficiency improvements with ZrO2, ZrCl4, Al2O3, and HfO2 additives mixed with ammonium nitrate and urea. Results show up to 100% more fuel efficiency and leakage current density ≤1 with certain combinations.

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Enhanced Fuel Efficiency through Zirconia and Hafnia-Based Additives

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Experiment ZrO2 ZrCl4 : (Ammonium nitrate + Urea) 1) Ref. 2) 20% more fuel 3) 50% more fuel 4) 100% more fuel Leakage current density 2 ≤ 1 ≤ 3 < 4

  2. Experiment Al2O3Acac Al2O3 ref. Al2O3 Urea HfO2 ref. HfO2 Urea

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