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Middle Ages

Middle Ages. The period in Western history from the fall of the Roman empire (476 A.D. to the fall of Constantinople to the Turks (1453 A.D.). SOLs. WHI.9

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Middle Ages

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  1. Middle Ages The period in Western history from the fall of the Roman empire (476 A.D. to the fall of Constantinople to the Turks (1453 A.D.)

  2. SOLs WHI.9 The student will demonstrate knowledge of Western Europe during the Middle Ages from about 500 to 1000 A.D. in terms of its impact on Western civilization by Sequencing events related to the spread and influence of Christianity and the Catholic Church throughout Europe Explaining the structure of feudal society and its economic, social, and political effects Sequencing events related to the invasions, settlements, and influence of migratory groups, including Angles, Saxons, Magyars, and vikings. http://www.irtc.org/stills/2001-04-30/view.html

  3. Middle Ages Also known as the Medieval Period and the "Dark Ages," the Middle Ages were characterized by feudalism (rule by independent war-lords and a subjected peasantry) and the dominance of the Catholic Church. This era was preceded by Antiquity and followed by the Renaissance.

  4. Barbarian Kingdoms By the sixth century, the Western Roman Empire had been replaced by smaller kingdoms ruled by barbarian kings granting only nominal recognition to the Emperor. http://members.aol.com/_ht_a/skyelander/celts10.html http://www.gaucin.to/history.htm http://wps.ablongman.com/long_kishlansky_cw_5/0,6472,268318-,00.html

  5. Goths http://www.answers.com/topic/goths The Goths were an East Germanic tribe which according to their own traditions originated in Scandinavia (specifically Götaland and Gotland). They migrated southwards and conquered parts of the Roman empire. Two closely related tribes, the Götar and the Gutar, who remained in Scandinavia and are often called Goths, are separately treated, as Geats and Gotlanders.

  6. Visigoths & Ostrogoths http://www.answers.com/topic/goths The Visigoths were one of the two main branches of the Goths, Ostrogothi being the other. Together these tribes were one of the loosely-termed "Germanic tribes" that disturbed the late Roman Empire. After the "fall" of the western Roman Empire, the Visigoths continued to play a major role in western European affairs for another 250 years.

  7. Vandals Andulusia The Vandals were an East Germanic tribe that entered the late Roman Empire during the 5th century and created a state in North Africa, centered on the city of Carthage. The Vandals may have given their name to the province of Andalusia (originally, Vandalusia, then Al-Andalus), in Spain, where they temporarily settled before pushing on to Africa. http://www.newacropolis.org.il/Philosopher.asp?name=augustine The Vandals were actually two tribes, the Asding and the Siling Vandals. The English word vandalism comes from this group.

  8. Other Invaders There were six major German tribes. In addition to the Visigoths, the Ostrogoths, & the Vandals, there were the Burgundians, the Lombards, and the Franks. All six groups participated in the fragmentation and the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. http://www.teachinghearts.org/dre17hdan02.html The Franks were a group of Germanic peoples inhabiting the lower and middle Rhine Valley by the 3d century AD, when they are first mentioned by classical authors. The Burgundians were people from the historical region and former province of eastern France. The area was first organized into a kingdom by the Burgundii, a Germanic people, in the 5th century A.D. At the height of its later power in the 14th and 15th centuries, Burgundy controlled vast territories in present-day Netherlands, Belgium, and northeast France. It was incorporated into the French crown lands by Louis XI in 1477. The Lombards were a Germanic people who established a kingdom in Northern Italy. They were originally from Scandinavia and entered the late Roman Empire.

  9. Anglo-Saxons Tall, blue-eyed blond Germanic invaders of Britain during the second half of the 5th century AD. These Angles, Saxons, and Jutes came from areas in and around what is now Denmark. By A.D. 600 they were well established in Britain, having driven the Romanised Celtic Britons westward into Wales and Cornwall. Initially they were pagans but by the end of the 7th century they had been converted to Christianity by St. Augustine of Canterbury and other missionaries from the continent.

  10. Magyars In central Europe, the Magyars started moving out from their base in Hungary, which they had earlier seized from the Bulgar Huns. They launched raiding parties as far afield as Bremen in Germany, Orleans in France and Constantinople, raping, pillaging, looting and destroying where they went. In 954, a Magyar raiding party consisting of an estimated 100,000 soldiers crossed Bavaria and the Rhine River, penetrating France as far as Rhiems and Burgundy, then crossing the Alps to pillage Lombardy in Italy. The Magyars were an Asiatic group who burst over the Danube river at the close of the 10th Century, ravaging wide areas of central Europe.

  11. http://www.doyle.com.au/images/normans.jpg Normans The Normans (adapted from the name "Northmen" or "Norsemen") were a mixture of the Gauls of France and the Viking invaders under the leadership of Rollo (Gange Rolf). Danish or Norwegian Vikings began to occupy the northern area of France now known as Normandy in the latter half of the 9th century. Under the leadership of Hrolf Ganger, who adopted the French name Rollo, they swore allegiance to the king of France (Charles the Simple) and received the small lower Seine area from him in 911. This area expanded over time to become the Duchy of Normandy.

  12. http://classroomclipart.com/cgi-bin/kids/imageFolio.cgi?action=view&link=History/Middle_Ages/Religion&image=MRL_366A.jpg&img=&tt=http://classroomclipart.com/cgi-bin/kids/imageFolio.cgi?action=view&link=History/Middle_Ages/Religion&image=MRL_366A.jpg&img=&tt= Religion The Catholic Church was the only church in Europe during the Middle Ages, and it had its own laws and large coffers. Church leaders such as bishops and archbishops sat on the king's council and played leading roles in government. Bishops, who were often wealthy and came from noble families, ruled over groups of parishes called "diocese." Parish priests, on the other hand, came from humbler backgrounds and often had little education. The village priest tended to the sick and indigent and, if he was able, taught Latin & the Bible to the youth of the village.

  13. Religion http://encarta.msn.com/media_461517471_761564555_-1_1/Monk_in_Scriptorium.html The Roman Catholic church was important because it • gave religious teaching to all of Europe under the guidance of the Pope • provided most formal education & preserved learning • was an important political element • developed drama through the mystery, miracle, and morality plays http://www.asaplive.com/iKnow/LocalHistory.cfm?ccs=212&cs=672

  14. http://kspark.kaist.ac.kr/1st%20Crusades.htm Crusades A series of military campaigns fought during the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries. Originally they were Roman Catholic attempts to recapture the Holy Land from the Muslims.

  15. Crusades However, some were directed against other Europeans, such as the Fourth Crusade against Constantinople, the Albigensian Crusade against the Cathars of southern France and the Northern Crusade. http://www.catholiceducation.org/images/history/Crusades%20Jerusalem.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades

  16. First Crusade http://kspark.kaist.ac.kr/1st%20Crusades.htm Pope Urban II (1088-1099) was responsible for assisting Emperor Alexus I (1081-1118) of Constantinople in launching the first crusade. He made one of the most influential speeches in the Middle Ages, calling on Christian princes in Europe to go on a crusade to rescue the Holy Land from the Turks. In the speech given at the Council of Clermont in France, on November 27, 1095, he combined the ideas of making a pilgrimage to the Holy Land with that of waging a holy war against infidels. http://gbgm-umc.org/umw/bible/crusades.stm

  17. Feudalism • The main form of social organization in medieval Europe; the term was first used in 1839. • A system based primarily on land, feudalism involved a hierarchy of authority, rights, and power that extended from the monarchy downwards. • At the head of the system the crown owned all the land. • Beneath the crown, an intricate network of duties and obligations linked royalty, tenants-in-chief (such as the barons), under-tenants (knights), and villeins (serfs). http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0006447.html

  18. Feudalism • In return for military service the monarch allowed powerful vassals (feudal tenants) to hold land, and often also to administer justice and levy taxes. • They in turn ‘sublet’ such rights, usually keeping part of the land (the demesne) for themselves. http://mboullic.club.fr/la_feodalite.htm http://members.tripod.com/~F1Girl/ladyc.gif http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0006447.html

  19. Manors Manors each consisted of up to three classes of land: • Demesne, the part controlled immediately by the lord and exploited directly for the benefit of his household and dependents; • Dependent (serf or villein) holdings carrying the obligation that the peasant household supply the lord with specified labour services or a part of its output (or cash in lieu thereof), subject to the custom attached to the holding; and • Free peasant land, without such obligation but otherwise subject to manorial jurisdiction and custom, and owing money rent fixed at the time of the lease. http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/durer/engravings/ http://www.answers.com/topic/manorial-system

  20. Manor • An agricultural estate under the control of a single individual or lord • Often a manor was a small holding, typically from 1,200 to 1,800 acres, with its own court and probably its own hall, but not necessarily having a manor house. The manor as a unit of land was generally held by a knight (knight's fee) or managed by a bailiff for some other holder. http://www.maybole.org/history/castles/waughton.htm

  21. Description of Manor Life on a Manor Manor • The demense was the lord’s personal land, providing for their needs, while the land worked by the peasants provided additional income or food consumed by the lord or his retainers. http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/endmiddle/bluedot/manor.html

  22. http://www.answers.com/topic/manorial-system Generic Manor • Open-field strip farming • Some enclosures • Triennial crop rotation • Demesne • Manse • Common woodland • Pasturage • Meadow

  23. Feudal System http://www.bayeuxtapestry.org.uk/BayeuxAfter.htm

  24. Serfs http://perso.wanadoo.fr/vtt.compostelle/paysans.htm • Laborer who is bound to the land • Lowest social class of the feudal society • Differed from slaves in that they were not property themselves and could not be sold apart from the land which they worked • Provided rent in the form of goods and services in return for protection and the right to work on their leased fields

  25. Magna Carta http://www.royal.gov.uk/files/images/john-lackland_lrg.jpg • Document signed by King John of England in A. D. 1215 that limited the king’s power and guaranteed certain basic rights • Considered the beginning of constitutional government in England • Gave 'freemen' inalienable rights; notably trial by jury

  26. Castles Knight: A warrior who followed a nobleman or a nobleman who followed a king http://www.maybole.org/history/castles/

  27. Life in the Castle: Skipton Castle Banqueting Hall http://www.skiptoncastle.co.uk/family.htm

  28. Life in the Castle: Skipton Castle Medieval Kitchen http://www.skiptoncastle.co.uk/family.htm

  29. Clothing Life in the Castle: Skipton Castle Withdrawing Room http://www.skiptoncastle.co.uk/family.htm

  30. A.D. 600 A.D. 700 A.D. 800 A.D. 900 A.D. 500 A.D. 1000 Medieval Timeline http://duguesclin.free.fr/merovingien/page/Clovis_et_les_Alamans.htm • Clovis, founder of the Frankish state, conquers most of France and Belgium, converting his territories to Western Catholic Christianity Clovis A.D. 500

  31. A.D. 600 A.D. 700 A.D. 800 A.D. 900 A.D. 500 A.D. 1000 Medieval Timeline • Pope Gregory widens the gulf between Eastern & Western Churches. He begins conversion of England to Christianity. A. D. 590 Pope Gregory Clovis

  32. A.D. 600 A.D. 700 A.D. 800 A.D. 900 A.D. 500 A.D. 1000 Medieval Timeline http://www.wga.hu/tours/arezzo/trumpete.html • Heraclius becomes Emperor in Constantinople in 610 as the Persian Empire is attempting the takeover of Byzantine civilization. Persia is conquered by Byzantine forces in 627. A. D. 627 Pope Gregory Persians defeated Clovis

  33. A.D. 600 A.D. 700 A.D. 800 A.D. 900 A.D. 500 A.D. 1000 Medieval Timeline http://www.boydhouse.com/alice/Green/SalisburyThirtyFirstGeneration.htm • Pepin of Heristal, a Merovingian ruler, unites the Frankish territories. He is succeeded by his son Charles Martel, who forms an alliance with the Church. A.D. 687 Pope Gregory Persians defeated Clovis Pepin

  34. A.D. 600 A.D. 700 A.D. 800 A.D. 900 A.D. 500 A.D. 1000 Medieval Timeline • The Battle of Tours was fought on October 25, 732 between forces under the Frankish leader Charles Martel and an Islamic army led by Emir Abd er Rahman. During the battle, the Franks defeated the Islamic army and Emir Abd er Rahman was killed. The result of this battle stopped the northward advance of Islam from Spain. A.D. 732 Pope Gregory Persians defeated Battle of Tours Clovis Pepin

  35. A.D. 600 A.D. 700 A.D. 800 A.D. 900 A.D. 500 A.D. 1000 Medieval Timeline http://www.patriarchate.org/ecumenical_patriarchate/chapter_4/html/chora__page_2.html Greek Fire (also called Byzantine Fire and liquid fire) was a weapon used by the Byzantine Empire, said to have been invented by a Syrian Christian refugee named Kallinikos (Callinicus) of Heliopolis, probably about 673. Some people believe that he acquired this knowledge from the chemists of Alexandria. It was capable of discharging a stream of burning fluid, and was very effective both on sea and land, but it was used primarily at sea. • Arabs attempt to conquer Constantinople for 2nd time, but Byzantine Emperor Leo the Isaurian defeats the Arab forces & reconquors most of Asia Minor. He uses “Greek Fire.” A.D. 717 Pope Gregory Emperor Leo Persians defeated Battle of Tours Clovis Pepin

  36. A.D. 600 A.D. 700 A.D. 800 A.D. 900 A.D. 500 A.D. 1000 http://www.accd.edu/sac/english/bailey/medeng.htm Medieval Timeline • Venerable Bede, an Anglo-Saxon Benedictine scholar, writes the History of the English Church and People in Latin, perhaps the best historical writing of medieval history. A.D. 735 Pope Gregory Emperor Leo Venerable Bede Persians defeated Clovis Pepin Battle of Tours

  37. A.D. 600 A.D. 700 A.D. 800 A.D. 900 A.D. 500 A.D. 1000 Medieval Timeline http://www.gpc.edu/~shale/humanities/literature/world_literature/beowulf.html • The first great English epic poem, Beowulf, is written in Old English. It is a Christian poem that shows early medieval society in England and shows roots in Old Testament law. A.D. 750 Pope Gregory Emperor Leo Venerable Bede Persians defeated Beowulf Clovis Pepin Battle of Tours

  38. A.D. 600 A.D. 700 A.D. 800 A.D. 900 A.D. 500 A.D. 1000 Medieval Timeline http://www.w3perl.com/www/histoire/france/carolingiens.html • In addition, to aid expansion and administration of the kingdom, Charlemagne promotes what is called later, the “Carolingian Renaissance.” Prior to this revival of learning, practically the entire realm (with the exception of Benedictine England) is illiterate due to the decay of the Roman Empire. • The director of the “renaissance’ is Anglo-Saxon Benedictine Alcuin, who sets up schools, sees to copying of classical Latin texts and develops a new handwriting. • Charlemagne’s empire includes the greater section of central Europe, northern Italy and central Italy in addition to realms already conquered by Frankish rule. • Charlemagne’s system of government divides the vast realm into different regions, ruled by local “counts” who are overseen by Charlemagne’s representatives. • Carolus Magnus (Charlemagne), son of Pepin, succeeds his father and is one of the most important rulers of medieval history. In time, his empire—known as the Carolingian dynasty, is huge. A. D. 768 Pope Gregory Emperor Leo Venerable Bede Persians defeated Charlemagne Beowulf Clovis Pepin Battle of Tours

  39. A.D. 600 A.D. 700 A.D. 800 A.D. 900 A.D. 500 A.D. 1000 Medieval Timeline http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/lj/conquestlj/sermon_04.shtml?site=history_conquestlj_sermon • Alfred is responsible for the codification of English law, public interest in local government, and the reorganization of the army. • He founds schools and promotes Anglo-Saxon literacy and the establishment of a national culture. • King Alfred the Great of England constructs a system of government and education which allows for the unification of smaller Anglo-Saxon states in the ninth and tenth centuries. A. D. 871 Pope Gregory Emperor Leo Venerable Bede Charlemagne Persians defeated Beowulf Alfred the Great Clovis Pepin Battle of Tours

  40. A.D. 600 A.D. 700 A.D. 800 A.D. 900 A.D. 500 A.D. 1000 Medieval Timeline • Otto the Great is named emperor in Rome after defeating the Hungarians (Magyars). This provides Germany with the power to resist invasion. A.D. 962 Pope Gregory Emperor Leo Venerable Bede Charlemagne Persians defeated Beowulf Alfred the Great Otto the Great Clovis Pepin Battle of Tours

  41. http://www.traceit.com/hastings.htm A.D. 600 A.D. 700 A.D. 800 A.D. 900 A.D. 500 A.D. 1000 http://www.american-pictures.com/genealogy/we.are.all.cousins.htm Medieval Timeline • The language of England evolves into Middle English with an English syntax and grammar and a heavily French vocabulary. • French art and literature prevail over previous English art and literature. • William introduces feudal system. • William the Conqueror invades England and asserts his right to the English throne at the Battle of Hastings. William is both the King of England and the Duke of Normandy. A. D. 1066 Pope Gregory Emperor Leo Venerable Bede Charlemagne William the Conqueror Persians defeated Beowulf Alfred the Great Otto the Great Clovis Pepin Battle of Tours Battle of Hastings

  42. https://secure.college.hmco.com/passkeyauth/college_loginandregister.html?targeturl=%2Fhistory%2Fwest%2Fmosaic%2Fchapter6%2Fimage75.htmlhttps://secure.college.hmco.com/passkeyauth/college_loginandregister.html?targeturl=%2Fhistory%2Fwest%2Fmosaic%2Fchapter6%2Fimage75.html Bubonic Plague • Bubonic Plague was a disease carried by rats and spread by fleas. • It killed a third of the people in medieval Europe. • It was nicknamed the Black Death because its victims developed black sores on their skin. http://www.springfield.k12.il.us/schools/springfield/eliz/plague.html

  43. End of the Middle Ages http://www.ndaviess.k12.in.us/elemshare/Teachers/jweathers/process.htm

  44. Web Quest Activity Extra Tutorial Extending Learning

  45. Works Cited Amor Medieval. Jam Music. 2001. 17 November 2005. <http://www.jammusic.com.br>. Anderson, Thomas. Barbara Allen Revisited. 16 November 2005 <http://www.angryyounggradstudent.com/>. End of Europe’s Middle Ages. Brittanica. 17 November 2005 <http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/endmiddle/>. Feudalism. Tascali Reference. Online Encyclopedia. 2005. Helicon Publishing. 17 November 2005 <http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0006447.html>. High Middle Ages, The. AIMS Multimedia. 2004. Unitedstreaming. 17 November 2005 <http://www.unitedstreaming.com/>. Medieval Times Reality Adventure. Encarta. 2004. Microsoft Corporation. 17 November 2005 <http://www.ndaviess.k12.in.us/elemshare/Teachers/jweathers/Medieval.htm>. Medieval Times: Life in the Middle Ages (1000-1450 A.D.). United Learning. 1992. unitedstreaming. 17 November 2005 <http://www.unitedstreaming.com/>. Medieval Village. Music of Avalon. 2001. 17 November 2005 <http://music.tnbavalon.com/avalon.htm>. Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. 1 November 2005. 16 November 2005 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page>.

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