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The Progressive Movement

The Progressive Movement. A major purpose of the Progressive movement (1900–1917) was to (1) stimulate the economy (2) support government control of factory production (3) encourage immigration from southern and eastern Europe (4) correct the economic and social abuses of industrial society.

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The Progressive Movement

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  1. The Progressive Movement

  2. A major purpose of the Progressive movement (1900–1917) was to (1) stimulate the economy (2) support government control of factory production (3) encourage immigration from southern and eastern Europe (4) correct the economic and social abuses of industrial society

  3. Overview • From the 1890s to 1920 a reform movement swept the nation • People focused on improving conditions in the United States that were caused by industrialization and urbanization • Progressive Era Presidents – Teddy Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Woodrow Wilson

  4. Causes of the Progressive Era • Monopolies • Labor unrest and violence • Unhealthy and unsafe living and working conditions • Increasing gap between the rich and poor • Urban poverty, crime, congestion and poor sanitation • Political corruption • Abuse of nation’s natural resources

  5. Who were the Progressives • They were not one single group. Different groups fought for different things but had some things in common • Characteristics • Largely city dwellers • Tended to be middle class educated professionals: doctors, lawyers, social workers, teachers • Beliefs and Goals • Optimists, believed the abuses of power and government could be ended • Believed new technologies could be used to improve American society • Capitalists that rejected socialism • Faith that a strong government could and should correct abuses and protect rights

  6. Factors Aiding Movement • Improved communications systems because of telegraph and telephone • Availability of inexpensive mass-circulation magazines and newspapers • Improved economy gave financial resources to support reform

  7. Muckrakers • The muckrakers helped bring reform issues to the attention of the public • Most were journalists and writers, but some were artists and photographers • Investigated and exposed corruption and injustice through articles in magazines and newspapers • Also wrote novels dramatizing situations that demanded reform • Their work led to the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act

  8. Progressive Era Muckrakers

  9. The actions of muckrakers in the late 19th century and early 20th century resulted in (1) Supreme Court decisions that expanded the right to vote (2) government regulation of unfair business practices (3) increases in the power of monopolies (4) reduction of the president’s power to manage the economy

  10. Lincoln Steffens’s The Shame of the Cities and Ida Tarbell’s The History of the Standard Oil Company are examples of the use of (1) the Gospel of Wealth (2) the melting pot theory (3) Social Darwinism (4) muckraking

  11. The Meat Inspection Act (1906) and the Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) were efforts by the federal government to (1) protect public health and safety (2) support business monopolies (3) restrict foreign competition (4) regulate child labor

  12. The Jungle, The Octopus, and The Shame of the Cities are all books that were written to (1) support the formation of a new political party (2) promote environmental conservation (3) encourage reform in business and government (4) express opinions concerning imperialism

  13. Upton Sinclair, Frank Norris, and Ida Tarbell made their greatest contributions to the Progressive movement by (1) working to end political corruption in cities (2) speaking out for the equal rights of Hispanic Americans (3) supporting legislation to improve tenement housing (4) publishing books and articles to expose the problems of society

  14. Books such as The Octopus by Frank Norris, How the Other Half Lives by Jacob Riis, and The Jungle by Upton Sinclair exposed problems associated with (1) naturalization of immigrants (2) westward expansion (3) rapid industrialization (4) environmental conservation

  15. Muckrakers Ida Tarbell and Upton Sinclair influenced the federal government to (1) grant citizenship to people who had entered the country illegally (2) pass legislation to correct harmful business practices (3) force individual states to regulate monopolies (4) end racial discrimination in the workplace

  16. Progressive Era authors such as Jacob Riis and Upton Sinclair are best known for (1) focusing attention on social conditions (2) fighting for the civil rights of African Americans (3) promoting the interests of the American farmer (4) supporting the goal of woman’s suffrage

  17. Progressive Issues • Problems of Poverty • Attempts to end poverty, overcrowding and disease in cities • Acceptance of germ theory of disease led to improving water and sewer systems • Jacob Riis • Social Settlement Movement • Settlement Houses offered working class people, especially immigrants, education, childcare, social activities and help finding jobs • Well known settlement house of Hull House in Chicago run by Jane Addams Hull House

  18. Progressive Issues • The Peace Movement • Led peace groups before and during World War I • Jeanette Rankin – first woman elected to Congress was active in this movement • Jane Addams also a part of this movement • Temperance and Prohibition • Temperance movement opposed the use of alcoholic beverages • Began in the 1820s • Chief goal was prohibition – the outlawing of manufacturing and sale of alcoholic beverages • They thought prohibition would ease some of the problems of poverty • Led to the 18th Amendment

  19. Progressive Issues • Child Labor • Wanted to limit the hours children could work • Pushed for laws requiring attendance at public schools for children • Women’s Rights • Main goal – women’s suffrage (right to vote) • Began in 1848 at the Seneca Falls Convention • Leaders, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucy Stone, Susan B. Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt • Led to the 19th Amendment • Other issues • Education for women – many women’s colleges founded • Fight for birth control – led by Margaret Sanger, the founder of Planned Parenthood

  20. African Americans • Booker T. Washington • Founder of the Tuskegee Institute, urged African Americans to get vocational training in order to get better jobs • W.E.B. Du Bois • Harvard educated professor, also believed in the importance of education, but wanted African Americans to aspire beyond vocational training • Helped found the NAACP • Marcus Garvey • a black separatist, he actually advocated that African Americans return to Africa • Ida B. Wells-Barnett • Journalist who launched a crusade against lynching. She was a suffragists and helped found the NAACP

  21. The formation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) was primarily a response to (1) racism and prejudice (2) nationalism and patriotism (3) abolition and temperance (4) militarism and colonialism

  22. Which movement’s primary goal was the ratification of a constitutional amendment authorizing Prohibition? (1) abolitionist (3) temperance (2) Populist (4) settlement house

  23. Which government action is most closely associated with the efforts of muckrakers? (1) ratification of the woman’s suffrage amendment (2) approval of the graduated income tax (3) creation of the National Forest Service (4) passage of the Meat Inspection Act

  24. A goal set at the Seneca Falls Convention (1848) was achieved during the Progressive Era by the (1) formation of the federal Food and Drug Administration (2) creation of the League of Nations (3) adoption of a national income tax (4) ratification of the woman’s suffrage amendment

  25. The Progressive movement supported the idea that the federal government should (1) regulate big business (2) reduce immigration (3) build an overseas empire (4) reduce the number of farms

  26. Jacob Riis, Ida Tarbell, and Margaret Sanger are best known for their efforts to (1) create awareness about social problems (2) gain support for the women’s movement (3) expand the rights of Native American Indians (4) win equal treatment for African Americans

  27. In the early 1900s, Progressive Era reformers sought to increase citizen participation in government by supporting the (1) expansion of the spoils system (2) direct election of senators (3) creation of the electoral college (4) formation of the Federal Reserve system

  28. Teddy Roosevelt and the Square Deal • Consumer Protection • Influenced passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act • Railroad Legislation • Increased federal regulation of railroads, particularly shipping rates • Trust-Busting • Pressured corporations through investigations and publicity about their activities • Broke up railroad trusts • Broke up the beef trust

  29. Teddy Roosevelt and the Square Deal • Conservation • As a naturalist, Roosevelt was interested in conservation • Tripled the amount of federal land for national forests, national parks, wildlife refuges, and national monuments • Set aside public lands to build dams and irrigation systems in the West

  30. Progressivism Under Taft • Brought even more Antitrust cases to the courts • Increased federal regulation of the telephone and telegraph systems • 16th Amendment was passed to impose an income tax

  31. Progressivism under Wilson • 1912 election and three was race • William Howard Taft – Republican • Teddy Roosevelt – Bull Moose Party • Woodrow Wilson - Democrat • Taft and Roosevelt split Republicans, allowing Wilson to win • Wilson got a graduated income tax (also called progressive) – wealthier people pay a higher rate than less wealthy people. • Wealthy – 6% • Lower incomes – 1%

  32. Progressivism under Wilson • Created the Federal Reserve System • Issued currency • Controlled the amount of money in circulation • Shift money from one bank to another as needed

  33. Progressivism under Wilson • Federal Trade Commission Act • Prevented unfair competition, had the power to stop false and misleading advertising • Clayton Antitrust Act • Passed to restore business competition, strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act by making some specific practices of monopolies illegal

  34. President Theodore Roosevelt’s conservation efforts were influenced by a desire to (1) protect natural resources for the future (2) increase revenues through land sales (3) reduce the role of the federal government (4) return tribal lands to Native American Indians

  35. “…In other words, our demand is that big business give the people a square deal and that the people give a square deal to any man engaged in big business who honestly endeavors to do what is right and proper.…” — Theodore Roosevelt, “A Charter for Democracy,” February 21, 1912 This statement reflects President Theodore Roosevelt’s position that the federal government should (1) leave regulation of big business to the states (2) cease regulation of business activities (3) regulate abusive business practices (4) seize control of all trusts

  36. The Federal Reserve System was created in 1913 to (1) regulate the money supply (2) operate mints to coin money (3) collect tax revenues (4) protect deposits in savings banks

  37. Which argument was used by Progressive Era reformers to support the use of a graduated income tax? (1) Imports should be taxed to make foreign goods more expensive than domestic goods. (2) Taxes on corporations should be reduced so jobs can be created. (3) People who earn more money should pay taxes at higher rates. (4) All citizens should be taxed at the same rate to treat all people equally.

  38. Which type of federal tax was authorized by the 16th amendment in 1913? (1) excise (3) income (2) import (4) estate

  39. Today, the Federal Reserve System attempts to stabilize the economy of the United States by (1) requiring federal budgets be prepared and presented to Congress (2) levying and collecting income taxes (3) regulating interest rates and the money supply (4) backing all currency with silver and gold

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