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Understanding North Dakota Soils: Characteristics, Challenges, and Crop Impact

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aline-delgado
21 diapositives · 392 Views · Nov 14, 2014

This comprehensive overview of North Dakota soils highlights the unique characteristics of Mollisols, including their organic carbon content and bulk density values. The soils of the “East River” region are influenced by continental glaciers and varying climate conditions. This document reviews the relationship between soil composition, landscape position, and agricultural productivity. It emphasizes the impact of groundwater levels on farmland and the historical challenges posed by drought and flooding. Additionally, it discusses the resilience of crops in North Dakota amid changing environmental conditions.

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  1. Soils of North Dakota Dave Franzen Professor, North Dakota State University, Fargo- Extension Soil Specialist

  2. Green soils are Mollisols

  3. Lakebed Till Residuum

  4. YOUNG Lakebed Till Residuum OLD

  5. All of our soils “East River” are derived from great continental glaciers.

  6. Cool/moist Cool/dryer Hot/dry Warm/moist

  7. Influence of landscape

  8. Slide from Hopkins, 2011 The organic carbon (OC) is: 3.07, 2.16, and 1.67 % to 26 in. That lowest horizon is > 3% SOM Bulk density values:Ap 0-6 in. 1.17 g/cm3 AB 6-13 1.31 B 13-26 1.41 CEC; 45.3 cmol (+)/kg older term (meq/100g) Ca+2= 21.8 cmol (+)/kg Mg+2=15.1 cmol (+)/kg

  9. Red River Valley scene with Fargo soils in a corn field, early June, 2010.

  10. Bare soil temperature at 4 inches from November 1, 2009 through March 31, 2010, Fargo, ND.

  11. Image from D. Hopkins

  12. Till Plain scene with spring wheat near Valley City, 2010

  13. A B C Typical Barnessoil profile Mean wetting depth

  14. Wheat field harvest, August, 2010, NW North Dakota, Bismarck Tribune photo

  15. Williams Soils- Side slope position on many western North Dakota soils 2.2 million acres of ND is Williams loams

  16. Salts or sodium affect many millions of acres of North Dakota farm and pasture land

  17. 6/22/99 6/22/00 6/18/96 6/15/93 6/14/94 6/23/92 Swale groundwater elevations in mid-June; 1991-2000 Drought to pluvial in southeastern North Dakota (Hopkins)

  18. Photo courtesy of Dr. David Hopkins, NDSU

  19. Devils Lake 1984 USGS image Devils Lake 2010 USGS image

  20. Farmland near Forman, ND flooding due to water table rising, 2011. Photo courtesy of Kelly Cooper, Forman SCD

  21. Crops in North Dakota have done better than their summer counterparts mostly because of the lack of 100 degree temps, but also due to the legacy of high water tables from previous years and the capillary water pull of most of our soils to supply crops during an extended dry period.