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Understanding Properties of Matter and Changes | Essential Topics and Demonstrations

Delve into the properties of matter, including solids, liquids, and gases, chemical and physical changes, mixtures in matter, elements, compounds, and conservation of mass. Explore the captivating aspects of physical and chemical properties, states of matter, and the laws governing them. Discover mixtures, elements, compounds, and the periodic table's significance highlighted through engaging resources.

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Understanding Properties of Matter and Changes | Essential Topics and Demonstrations

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 3 Matter & ChangesMrs. Booker, CHS 3*1 Properties of Matter 3*2 Changes in Matter 3*3Mixtures in Matter 3*4Elements and Compounds

  2. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES • Color • Hardness • Density • Boiling point • Melting point • State • Conductivity • Make-up • How a substance looks or feels • Can be observed without changing the identity (chemical composition) of a substance

  3. 3*1 STATES of MATTER physical property SOLIDS LIQUIDS DEFINITE VOLUME NO SHAPE PARTICLES SLIDE PAST EACH OTHER INTERMEDIATE AMOUNT OF ENERGY Example - WATER HAS SPECIAL PROPERTIES such as surface tension, specific heat capacity and density anomaly • DEFINITE SHAPE • DEFINITE VOLUME • PARTICLES CLOSE TOGETHER • PARTICLES VIBRATE IN PLACE • PARTICLES STAY TOGETHER • LEAST ENERGY OF ALL STATES

  4. WATER hyperlink to Hippocampus.org • http://www.hippocampus.org/Biology;jsessionid=B6915C63FDD9E989D4229EB870A46A67 • Biology • Water and Life overview • Watch all 4 segments

  5. 3*1 STATES of MATTER GAS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V9WYweBA6vA&NR=1&feature=fvwp GAS LAWS apply LAWS show relationships between pressure, volume and temperature of gases Often called vapors • MOST energetic of all states( jump!) • NO DEFINITE SHAPE • NO DEFINITE VOLUME • PARTICLES HAVE ESCAPED BOUNDARY OF OTHER PARTICLES • MOST COMPRESSIBLE of all STATES

  6. 3*2 Physical Changes • boil • freeze • Condense • vaporize • melt • grind • crumple • crush • IDENTITY of substance does not change • DESCRIPTION of how the substance looks or feels • Physical PROPERTIES include density, boiling point , and freezing point

  7. 3*2 CHEMICAL CHANGES • Can be symbolized using chemical equations that shows relationships between reactants and products • reactants→ products • yield NEW SUBSTANCES with NEW PROPERTIES! • Balanced equations a MUST to show LAW of CONSERVATION of MASS • Arrow reads YIELDS

  8. 3*2CONSERVATION of MASS problems • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ibnIWn0omLQ • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whNKZI5QzAI • Just make sure the mass on the reactant and product sides of an equation are equal!! Remember – matter doesn’t just go poof !

  9. 3*3 MIXTURES of MATTER • MIXTURES are combinations that are not exact and can be classified as • HOMOGENEOUS or HETEROGENEOUS (same throughout)

  10. 3*3 PROCESSES are • USED to separate mixtures into their components • Distillation (uses BP) • Filtration (solid from liquid) • Crystallization (solid, pure particle from solution) • Chromatography (special paper)

  11. 3*4 ELEMENTS • Cannot be separated into simpler substances • Rows – periods–series • Column Ï family Ï group Ï • Are all on the periodic table • MEMORIZE the first 20 element symbols ASAP!

  12. 3*4 COMPOUNDS • Represented by combinations of element symbols with subscripts showing exact numbers of atoms per element • No subscript indicates one atom of that element • CHEMICAL FORMULA is the name for the compound’s specific make-up • Examples: H₂O H₂O₂ water hydrogen peroxide

  13. LAW of DEFINITE PROPORTIONSproblems • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3dWdMqZ2UOU % = #/total # x 100 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0OOcpiTiXzM&feature=related

  14. 3*4 LAW OF MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS • The ratio that elements combine to form compounds can always be expressed by small whole numbers • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3dWdMqZ2UOU • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XhfeXX9mKrk&feature=related chemdog8 on youtube

  15. Carl Sagan (10 minutes) Periodic Table • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_hF9zq4QXU&feature=fvwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whNKZI5QzAI

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