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Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece. Political History. Ancient Greece. Geography:. Geography:. Ancient Greece included Europe’s Balkan Peninsula and small rocky islands in the Aegean sea. -Protection from invaders.

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Ancient Greece

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  1. Ancient Greece Political History

  2. Ancient Greece Geography:

  3. Geography: Ancient Greece included Europe’s Balkan Peninsula and small rocky islands in the Aegean sea. -Protection from invaders -An archipelago. isolated islands prevent a united government (many different governments will develop) *Like Japan, did not ‘grow up’ along a river. *First civilization that is not ‘United’ with one king. Same religion, language, & Society. But Geography prevents same government

  4. Pre- ‘Ancient Greek’ Or, Ancient Ancient Greek Minoan civilization Possible people of Atlantis Legend From the Island of Crete. Sea-faring people. Evidence they Traded with Egyptians. Possibly destroyed by Volcanic eruptions in the area, conquered by invaders…

  5. Pre- ‘Ancient Greek’ Or, Ancient Ancient Greeks Mycenaean civilization When a Polis got to big, citizens would Spread out to a new area and be a colony Of the old ‘Polis’ and continue to trade with the Polis. From the mainland of Greece Spread out past Crete. Time Period where Homer writes The Iliad & The Odyssey Eventually these new areas experimented with government. Made up of Individual city-states or “Polis’ that developed it’s own government.

  6. Pre- ‘Ancient Greek’ Or, Ancient Ancient Greek Trojan civilization Located on Dardanelles Straits. Fought wars against the Mycenaeans Written about by Homer in The Iliad. Defeated after the trick of the Trojan Horse

  7. Dorian Invasions Dorians were invaders from the North. Conquered the Greek mainland around 1200 BCE Began a Dark Age which lasted for 500 years. Greek Civilization would not emerge again until about 700 B.C.E., when Hellenic Age began. Why do you think the Greeks began to call themselves Hellenes?

  8. Hellenic Greeks The ones you think about when you hear ‘ancient greece’

  9. Hellenic Greeks The ones you think about when you hear ‘ancient greece’ Highly developed city-states that had different forms of government but shared common culture. Advanced in science, art, literature, philosophy, government, architecture, and more.

  10. The Greek Polis Rugged mountains separate Greek settlements. Dominant political unit was the city-state. Consisted of a polis(political center and surrounding countryside. Responsible for its own defenses and government. There was much variety in governments between different city-states!

  11. Athens Today In Ancient Times

  12. Athens Citizenship Requirements Born of Athenian Parents Male 18 Years Old About 10-20% of the population Obligations Men were expected to be educated. Entered the army at age 18. Made circuit of the temples Trained in Warfare and given a shield and spear. Served two years of military service. Expected to serve in government afterwards Available for military service in case of war.

  13. Ostrakan Each year in Athens, citizens could vote to banish a public official for a period of time. They voted by writing a person’s name on a piece of pottery. An Athenian way of protecting the rights of citizens. The term “ostracize” comes from this practice.

  14. Sparta Today In Ancient times

  15. Spartan Citizenship Requirements Born in to upper class (3-4% of population) Descendants of Dorian conquerors Male 30 Years Old Obligations At age 7, taken from homes and put in military camps. Many years of training Taught to be tough and ruthless. From age 20-60, required to serve in the military. Not allowed to live with families, but in military barracks. After age 60, could be a government leader and serve on the Council of Elders.

  16. Sparta Athens -Located on Peloponnesus peninsula of southern Greece. Located on Peninsula of Attica Central Greece: War-like: Used army to control society. Ruled by Direct Democracy. Every male citizen gets a vote and voice. Boys and Men trained in the army. Girls trained to have strong babies. Free to travel and receptive To new ideas. First ‘constitution’: written plan of government in Assembly. Strict society, little freedom. No traveling, no outsiders welcome.

  17. Persian War: 499 BC – 480 BC -Persians land at Greek City of Marathon (25 miles north of Athens). Greeks win first battle (Darius 1) -10 years later Persians land again, Greeks unite. Sparta holds back the Persians for 3 days (story 300 comes from this). Gives enough time for Greeks to organize and defeat Persians again. (Xerxes) -Persians no longer a threat, Greeks go back to fighting each other.

  18. Battle of Marathon A big win for the Greeks! A messenger ran 26.2 miles to Athens to report the news… …And then he collapsed and died from exhaustion. Very first marathon runner!

  19. Battle of Thermopylae 300 Spartans held mountain pass for several days against overwhelming Persian force. They died to the last man…. …But their heroic defense gave the Athenians time to evacuate city and take to their ships!

  20. Battle of Salamis A decisive win for the Greeks! Ramming an enemy ship. Xerxes watches from a hill. He would never return.

  21. The Golden Age of Pericles He was the military leader during Athens’ greatest era. Athen was rebuilt. The Parthenon and other buildings on the acropolis were built. The greatest thinkers and artists in many things moved to Athens to live and do things.

  22. Peloponnesian war :431-04 BC -Athens is getting stronger. Sparta and other Greek city states join together to fight Athens. -Sparta gets the help of the Persians. Athens is struck by plague. Sparta & Persians beat Athens. -Major decline of all Greek City-states after this war. Macedonia, seeing how weak Greece is from fighting from within, comes in and conquers all the city-states

  23. King Phillip II of Macedonia Geography: Macedonia is north of the Greeks, Balkan Peninsula. 359 BC Philip II of Macedonia wants three things: 1. Create a strong army 2. Unify Greek City-states under Macedonia rule 3. Destroy the Persian Empire. Phillip is assassinated. Leaves behind a son to finish the job.

  24. Hellenistic Age Alexander the Great Conquers of the known world

  25. Alexander the Great 20 years old when he becomes king Possibly greatest war general ever. Studied under Aristotle for four years. -Never loses a battle -Never loses a war Stops here because his men Refuse to go further Greece

  26. Alexander the Great Original goal: Conquer Persia Later Goal: Create an Empire -After he conquers a region, he makes that region part of his empire, improves region, moves on. Wears Persian style dress, Marries Persian royalty, spreads Greek language, culture and knowledge. Emperor Worship Begins Alexander dies of sickness. Generals split of his empire. None of them hold onto their acquired land. Fighting and war-fare break them apart. Death of Alexander and consequences:

  27. Alexander the Great’s Empire

  28. Ancient Greece Cultural History

  29. Greeks Athens Under General Pericles Athens develops into cultural center: Parthenon is built: Temple to Warrior Goddess Athena. Still influences modern world today.

  30. Arete Greek word for excellence in all things. Total fulfillment of function and purpose. Living up to you highest human potential. In art and architecture in represented the perfect balance between geometry and naturalism.

  31. The Parthenon

  32. The Parthenon, recreated in Nashville TN

  33. Arete in the Parthenon --Building is geometric --Arranged according to the “Golden Ratio”

  34. Arete in the Parthenon --Columns at corner are placed closer together. --Corners of building are slightly lower than middle. --Perfect balance between geometry and naturalness!

  35. Lincoln Memorial

  36. The White House

  37. The Supreme Court

  38. Greek Sculpture -Obsessed with Human form. Interested in what the ‘ideal’ or perfect human could look like.

  39. Archaic Period Earliest Type Features are vague, abstract. Strong, superhuman Frozen facial expression .

  40. The discovery of Contrapposto will one day pave the way for Extreme Contrapposoto and give humanity some of it’s greatest works: Kritios boy 480 BC Extremely important Statue in human history. Why? What is different between Kritios boy and these other Statues? Contrapposto: The ability to show a shift In weight. A natural look. Requires detailed understanding of how muscles work, bone structure, and anatomy.

  41. Hellenic Sculpture In what ways are these sculptures like columns?

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