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World History 2 SOL review 3

World History 2 SOL review 3. Scientific Revolution- Culture in the 1800s. Scientific Revolution. Emphasis on reason and systematic observation of nature Formulation of the scientific method Expansion of scientific knowledge. Scientists . Copernicus-heliocentric theory

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World History 2 SOL review 3

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  1. World History 2 SOL review 3 Scientific Revolution- Culture in the 1800s

  2. Scientific Revolution • Emphasis on reason and systematic observation of nature • Formulation of the scientific method • Expansion of scientific knowledge

  3. Scientists • Copernicus-heliocentric theory • Kepler- Planetary motion (planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits) • Galileo- Used telescope to support scientific theory • Newton-discovered the laws of gravity • Harvey- circulation of blood

  4. Absolutism • Definition- a monarch who has complete control over the country and people (centralization of power) + divine right(power to rule comes from God) • Peter the Great- westernization of Russia • Louis XIV- Palace of Versailles (symbol of royal power)/Sun king • Fredrick the Great- military power

  5. Enlightenment • Definition- Applied reason to the human world, not just the natural world • Results- Stimulated religious tolerance + fueled democratic revolutions around the world (American Revolution, French Revolution, Latin American Revolution)

  6. Thomas Hobbes • Wrote Leviathan • State of nature- People are evil • Social contract- people give up nature and form governments to control them ( absolute monarchs)

  7. John Locke • Wrote Two Treatises on Government • Power to rule comes from the people • Monarchs are not chosen by God • Social Contract- people form governments to protect their rights ( life liberty, and property)

  8. Montesquieu • Wrote The Spirit of the Laws • Separation of powers • Checks and Balances

  9. Rousseau • Wrote The Social Contract • Government is a contact between people and rulers

  10. Voltaire • Separation of church and state • Freedom of Speech

  11. English Civil War • English kings wanted to be absolute monarchs • Parliament prevented kings from being absolute monarchs ( Parliaments controlled money) • Charles I forced to sign Petition of Right- King cannot raise taxes without parliaments consent and king cannot imprison anyone without just cause • 1649- Charles I led troops into parliament- Civil War • 1649- Charles I executed

  12. Commonwealth • Oliver Cromwell ruled England after the execution of Charles I

  13. Glorious Revolution • James II- too Catholic for England • 1688- Parliament forced James II to flee and invite William and Mary (James's II daughter) to rule England if they accepted the English Bill of Rights • England – limited monarch and a powerful Parliament

  14. French Revolution • Causes- Influence of Enlightenment ideas + American Revolution + Old Regime • Events- Storming the Bastille + Reign of Terror (executed over 40,000 people with the guillotine) • Outcomes- End of absolute monarchy of Louis XVI + Rise of Napoleon

  15. Impact of French Revolution • French and American revolutions influenced revolutions in Central/South America • Haiti, Venezuela, Chile, Peru, Mexico, Brazil get independence • TouissantL’Ouverture- Haiti’s independence • Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin- liberated South America • Monroe Doctrine-American declaration that if the Europeans get in the way of Latin American Independence, the Americans will declare war

  16. Artists, Philosophers, and Writers + new Technologies • Bach- Baroque composer • Mozart- Classical composer • Delacroix- Romantic Painter • Cervantes- Novelist – Don Quixote • New forms of Art and literature- Paintings depicted classical subjects, public events, and living people ( portraits) + novel Technologies- All weather roads (year round transportation) + new farm tools + improved ship designs

  17. Congress of Vienna- Legacy of Napoleon • Unsuccessful attempt to unify Europe under French Domination • Napoleonic Code • Awakened feelings of national pride and growth of nationalism

  18. Congress of Vienna- Legacy of Congress of Vienna • Balance of power- no country should dominate Europe • Restoration of monarchs-legitimacy • New Political Map- New boundaries • New Philosophies- Conservatives and liberals

  19. Rise of Nationalism • National Pride, economic competition, and democratic ideals stimulated the growth of nationalism • Congress of Vienna- led to discontent in Europe( did not include nationalists and liberals)

  20. Revolutions of 1830 and 1848 • Liberal- Change government • National- homeland • France 1830- constitutional monarch (liberal revolution) • Belgium 1830- gained indepencence

  21. Italy • Cavour- prime minister of Sardinia( organized unification of Italy) • Garibaldi- Leader of the red shirts + conquered Kingdom of the Two sicillies • Papal states- last to join Italy

  22. Germany • Bismarck- prime minister of Prussia (responsible for the unification of Germany) • Realpolitiks- do whatever it takes to get and hold power • Franco- Prussia War led to the unification of Germany and italy

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