World History II SOL Review

1. World History II SOL Review Use these slides like flash cards to study for the SOL test WHII.9 – WHII.10

2. Outbreak of World War I • What are the MAIN causes for WWI? • Militarism • Alliances • Imperialism • Nationalism

3. World in 1914 • Where is the powder keg? (Balkan Peninsula) • What happens in Bosnia? • Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary is assassinated.

4. Alliances • Who was the leader of Germany? • Kaiser Wilhelm II • With what country did Wilhelm ally? • Austria • What two divisions (alliances) emerge? • Central Powers – Germany, Austria, Ottoman Empire • Allied Powers – Great Britain, France, Russia and later Italy

5. Militarism What is mobilization? Preparing for war, gathering weapons The mobilization of WHAT country threatened Germany? Russia RESULT? Germany declares war on Russia and outlines a two-front war – Schlieffen Plan

6. What made WWI different? • The Industrial Revolution led to knew kinds of warfare – machine guns, poison gas • How did this change life on the front? • Soldiers create trenches for defense • What was the result of trench warfare? • Stalemate

7. World War I • WHAT is the term for complete mobilization of all resources? • Total War • WHO did the French and British call on to help with the war effort? • Their colonies in Africa and South America. • WHAT drew the US into the war? • Sinking of the Lusitania, Zimmerman Telegram and relationship with Britain

8. Treaty of Versailles WHAT was Woodrow Wilson’s plan for peace? • Fourteen Points WHAT did this plan propose? • Disarmament, free trade, freedom of the seas, self-determination, ban secret treaties & League of Nations WHERE was the peace plan discussed? • Paris Peace Conference WHAT happened to the Austrian Empire? • Fell apart: Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania

9. Treaty of Versailles& Germany • What did the treaty require of Germany? • War Guilt • Huge reparations • Limited military • What was the result? • Bitter resentment – later to be exploited by Hitler • The US emerges as a huge power, takes isolationist stance

10. What led to the Russian Revolution? • Defeated in Russo-Japanese war • Landless peasantry • Incompetence of Czar (Tsar) Nicholas II • High casualties in WWI

11. What is the Russian Revolution? • Tsar Nicholas II steps down for provisional government • The Bolsheviks (Communists/Reds) defeat the provisional govt. (whites). • The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) is formed. • VI Lenin is the new Soviet leader

12. Interwar: League of Nations • US refuses to join – although the idea was President Wilson’s • Creates MANDATE SYSTEM – redistributing former German colonies and Middle Eastern territories to the Allies

13. What caused the Worldwide Great Depression? • Triggered by US Stock Market Collapse in 1929 • US stops sending money to Europe • Supply far exceeded demand • Expansion of Protestant Movement - Geneva

14. What contributed to the Rise of Dictatorships? • Global depression • Horrors of war • Revolutions bred fear of Communism and instability of government

15. WHICH dictator? • Formed and anti-communist party in Italy • Founded fascist movement • Return to the glory of the Roman Empire • Invaded Ethiopia • BENITO MUSSOLINI

16. WHICH Dictator? • Had to revive flagging economy • Stirred public to nationalistic frenzy • Formed the National Socialist Workers’ Party (Nazi Party) • Used communists, gypsies and Jews as scapegoats for national problems • ADOLF HITLER

17. WHICH Dictator? • Extreme nationalism fuels imperialism • An increased need for raw materials leads to invasion of Manchuria • VERY militaristic • HIDEKI TOJO (Emperor Hirohito)

18. WHICH Dictator?? • Took over when Lenin died • Increased strength of national economic system (differs from other dictators) • Five Year Plan (production) and collectivization of farms • Use Secret Police to quiet dissenters = GREAT PURGE • JOSEF STALIN (economic system = communism)