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The Age of Revolutions: English Civil War, French Revolution, and Rise of Nationalism

This overview of the Age of Revolutions explores pivotal moments in history, including the English Civil War, where Parliament asserted its authority against Charles I, leading to his execution. The French Revolution is highlighted, detailing the storming of the Bastille and the Reign of Terror that dismantled absolute monarchy. It also discusses the impact of Enlightenment ideas, the rise of nationalist movements in Europe, and key figures in the unifications of Italy and Germany. The Congress of Vienna's legacy is examined, emphasizing the balance of power and the emergence of new political philosophies.

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The Age of Revolutions: English Civil War, French Revolution, and Rise of Nationalism

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Presentation Transcript

  1. World History IISOL Review Age of Revolutions

  2. English Civil War • English kings wanted to be absolute monarchs • Parliament prevented kings from being absolute monarchs (Parliament controlled money) • Charles I forced to sign Petition of Right - king cannot raise taxes without Parliament’s consent and king cannot imprison anyone without just cause

  3. English Civil War • 1642 – Charles I led troops into Parliament – Civil War • 1649 – Charles I executed

  4. Commonwealth • Oliver Cromwell ruled England after the execution of Charles I

  5. Restoration • Charles II restored the monarchy to England in 1660 (reopened theaters and pubs)

  6. Glorious Revolution • James II – too Catholic for England • 1688 – Parliament forced James II to flee and invited William and Mary (James II’s daughter) to rule England if they accepted the English Bill of Rights • England – limited monarch and a powerful Parliament

  7. French Revolution • Causes – influence of Enlightenment ideas + American Revolution • Events – Storming of the Bastille + Reign of Terror (executed over 40,000 people with the guillotine) • Outcomes – End of absolute monarchy of Louis XVI + Rise of Napoleon

  8. Impact • Independence came to French, Spanish, and Portuguese colonies in the Americas • Touissant L’Ouverture – Haiti’s independence • Simon Bolivar – The Liberator (liberated South America)

  9. Artists, Philosophers, and Writers + New Technologies • Bach – Baroque composer • Mozart – Classical composer • Delacroix – romantic painter • Cervantes – novelist • New Forms of Art and Literature – paintings depicted classical subjects, public events, and living people (portraits) + novel • Technologies – all-weather roads (year round transportation) + new farm tools + improved ship designs

  10. Congress of Vienna – Legacy of Napoleon • Unsuccessful attempt to unify Europe under French domination • Napoleonic Code • Awakened feelings of national pride and growth of nationalism

  11. Congress of Vienna – Legacy of Congress of Vienna • Balance of Power – no country should dominate Europe • Restoration of monarchs – legitimacy • New political map – new boundaries • New philosophies – conservatives and liberals

  12. Rise of Nationalism • National pride, economic competition, and democratic ideals stimulated the growth of nationalism • Congress of Vienna – led to discontent in Europe (did not include nationalists and liberals)

  13. Revolutions of 1830 and 1848 • Liberal – change government • National – homeland • France 1830 – constitutional monarch (liberal revolution) • Belgium 1830 – gained independence (national)

  14. Italy • Cavour – prime minister of Sardinia (organized unification of Italy) • Garibaldi – leader of the Red Shirts + conquered Kingdom of the Two Sicilies • Papal States – last to join Italy

  15. Germany • Bismarck – prime minister of Prussia (responsible for the unification of Germany) • Realpolitiks – do whatever it takes to get and hold power • Franco-Prussian War led to the unification of Germany and Italy

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