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Kingdom Fungi

Dive into the fascinating world of fungi with this comprehensive guide. Learn how to cultivate mushrooms using a simple substrate recipe made from hay, horse and poultry droppings, and corn cobs. Explore the basic anatomy of mushrooms, including the cap, stalk, and gills. Understand the unique reproductive cycles of mushrooms involving spores, mycelium, and hyphae. Discover the significance of lichens in ecosystems and their mutualistic relationships. This resource provides an overview of beneficial and non-beneficial fungi and their environmental roles.

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Kingdom Fungi

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  1. Kingdom Fungi Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  2. Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  3. A Recipe for Mushrooms • Ingredients: • Substrate (compost): • hay • horse droppings (urine,) • corn cobs • poultry droppings • Spawn: • mostly the mycelium of a mushroom Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  4. A Recipe for Mushrooms • Directions: • Prepare the substrate: mix ingredients, sterilize • Combine spawn to substrate, mix • Wait then harvest mushrooms Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  5. Draw a mushroom • Cap • Stalk • Hyphae: root-like fibers • Mycelium: a group of hyphae • Spores: inside gills Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  6. Examine a Mushroom • Cap • Stalk • Gills • Ring • Basidia • Spores Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

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  8. Cap Stalk Ring? Gills Basidia: inside gills, small Spores: attached to basidia Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  9. Nutrition • Extracellular digestion Digestive enzymes are secreted into the substrate, digested food is absorbed into the mycelium. Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  10. Reproduction • Haploid spores are produced • The life cycle of a mushroom Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  11. The basidia are located in the gills. • The stipe is the stalk. • Haploid to diploid (n to 2n) • The germinating basidospore produces the the (hyphae?) or mycelium. • In the mycelium by fusion. • Basideospores are produced by meiosis. • Basideospres are dispersed by wind! Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  12. Yeast Mushrooms Morels Truffles Penicillin- medicine Beneficial Fungi food Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  13. Rusts Rhizopus Black bread mold Puffballs Toadballs Toadstool Ringworm Tomato blight Cucumber scab Athlete's foot Non-beneficial Fungi Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  14. Common mold Black Bread mold Produce sporangia Phylum: Zygomycota Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  15. mushrooms Phylum: Basideomycota Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  16. Imperfect fungi Ring worm Athlete's foot etc. Phylum: Deutromycotes Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  17. Yeast truffles morels sac fungi Phylum: Asocomycota Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  18. Phylum: Imperfect Fungi Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

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  21. References http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/488/499991/CDA29_1/CDA29_1a/CDA29_1a.htmExcellent bisideomycetes life cycle Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  22. Lichens • Green scale-like patches on rock and trees • Symbiotic partnership • fungus (water, minerals) • cyanobacteria (photosynthesis) • soil builders • Survive in harsh environments Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  23. LICHENS- A primary producer Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  24. LICHEN • Lichen is a combination of two separate organisms - fungus and cyanobacteria • The fungus provides a structure that may protect the alga from drying and harsh conditions • The algae provides the food supply using photosynthesis Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  25. Lichens are also dye sources, and is used as a food-coloring agent and to form litmus, the acid-base indicator. • In arctic and alpine regions such lichens as reindeer moss serve as food for caribou, reindeer and other mammals. Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  26. Answer Key • 1.Lichen is a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism. • 2.Because both partners benefit this is an example of mutualism. • 3.Fungi can reproduce both __sexuallyandasexually • 4.The members of kingdom fungi are heterotrophic/heterotrophic they use other organisms for food. • 5.The filaments that make up a fungus are called hypha. • 6.Together these filaments are called the mycelium. • 7.If the filament is an unspecialized root it is called a rhizoid. • 8.The different phyla of fungi are separated based on their fruiting body, or spore-producing structure. • 9.In bread mold, a sporangia is a structure that produces spores. • 10.The fungus yeast is an exception, but most other fungi are multicellular, unlike the members of kingdom Protista. • 11.In fungi, internal membranes, for example, a nuclear envelope, are present, making them eukaryotic, unlike the bacteria. • 12.If an organism uses dead organisms as a food supply as many fungi do, it is called a saprophyte. • 13.Athlete’s foot is a fungus that uses a living organism as a food supply. It is a parasite. • 14.The outermost structure of a fungal cell, the cell wall, is different than plants. It contains a polysaccharide called chitin.. • 15.Fungi are important decomposers in the environment. Using extra cellular they breakdown dead organisms and release their nutrients into the environment. • 16.After this process the fungi use absorption to obtain these nutrients. • 17.A spore does not contain a double set of chromosomes. It is a haploid cell. • 18.A single spore lands on a piece of bread and produces a sporangium and new spores. This is an example of asexual reproduction Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  27. 1 c 2 d 3 a 4 f 5 g 6 e 7 g 8 b 9 e 10 f 11 heterotropic eukaryotics 12 chitin 13 hypha 14 mycellium 15 spore 16 basdeomycota 17 EC 18 EC deuteromycetes 19 sexually and asexually 20 asexual Fungus Xerox 18-2 Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  28. Fungi Xerox 18-2 (cont.) • 21 • 22 • 23 Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  29. FUNGI BOTH PLANTS Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  30. 1 b 2 h 3 d. 4 i 5 f 6 b/h 7 g 8 e 9 f E.C. 10 c 11 i E.C. 12 a 13 Heterotrophs 14 outside 15 Hypha 16 Mycelium 17 Perforated 18 Asexually 19 Fruiting Body 20 Deueromycetes Fungi – 23-2 Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

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