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Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Fungi. Characteristics similar to all Fungi: All eukaryotic Heterotrophic Multicellular (except yeast) Are not motile. Why are Fungi not Plants?. Similarities:. Differences:. Lack chlorophyll (chloroplast) Do not perform photosynthesis Reproduce by spores

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Kingdom Fungi

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  1. Kingdom Fungi Characteristics similar to all Fungi: All eukaryotic Heterotrophic Multicellular (except yeast) Are not motile

  2. Why are Fungi not Plants? Similarities: Differences: Lack chlorophyll (chloroplast) Do not perform photosynthesis Reproduce by spores Fungal cell walls are made of chitin (like crab shells); plant cell walls made of cellulose • Do not move • Grow like plants • edible

  3. Anatomy of Fungi • Bodies of fungi consist of long strands called hyphae • Hyphae weave together to form mycelium and is found underground • some hyphae have septa which separate • Fruiting body is the reproductive structure

  4. Fungi Nutrition • Heterotrophic • Fungi secrete enzymes that attack carbon containing organisms, and digest them • Fungi can be one of 4: • Saprophyte: digests dead organisms • Decomposer: Feeds on dead organic material • Predator: hunts other organisms • Parasites: lives in or on a host feeding off its nutrients

  5. Fungi Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Two parents contribute genetic material to the offspring Genetically unique offspring • Occurs when one parent produces offspring without the genes from another individual. • Identical copy Fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually!

  6. Four Main Types of Asexual Reproduction • Some undergo mitosis • Some yeast fungi reproduce by “budding” • Some fungi grow from mycelium • Most by spores

  7. Asexual Reproduction • Spores contain a nucleus and dehydrated cytoplasm • Spores are released from the fruiting body • Dispersed via wind, animals, insects, water • Cytoplasm will absorb water to rehydrate and forms hyphae • Hyphae will twine to form mycelium

  8. Sexual Reproduction • Divided into 4 main groups • Similarity between groups: there are no male or female • “+” mating type and “-” mating type • Fertilization occurs when hyphae from a plus meet hyphae from a minus

  9. Four Groups of Fungi • Primitive Fungi: • Phylum Chytridiomycota • Sac Fungi: • Phylum Ascomycota • Bread Molds: • Phylum Zygomycota • Club Fungi: • Phylum Basidiomycota

  10. Impacts of Fungi • Recycle nutrients • Form associations with lichens • Food • Produce antibiotics (Penicillian) • Some cause disease

  11. Lichens • Symbiotic relationship between algae and fungi • Lichens absorb chemical nutrients from the air • Can grow anywhere

  12. Mycorrhizae • Mutualistic • Between fungi and plant roots • Fungal hyphae act as a root extension which increases the plants surface area • Increases water uptake • More disease resistant

  13. Diseases Caused by Fungi Dutch Elm Disease: Human Diseases: Athlete’s foot Ring worm Yeast infections • Kills an elm in as little as 3 weeks • Clogs its water conducting vessels • Spread in SK by the elm bark beetle during its breeding period

  14. Beneficial Fungi • Yeast for baking bread • Digests sugar in bread and produces CO2 • This causes the bread to rise • Adds flavors to cheese • Edible mushrooms found in the grocery stores

  15. Penicillin • Alexander Fleming 1928 • He was trying treat syphilis • Active ingredients in mold turned out to be an infection-fighting agent • Found that the Staphylococcus bacteria grew everywhere except for the area surrounding the moldy contaminant

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