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Kingdom Fungi

Discover the fascinating world of mushrooms with our comprehensive recipe for cultivation. This guide includes essential ingredients like compost, horse droppings, and more, alongside clear directions for substrate preparation and spawn cultivation. Learn about crucial concepts such as mycelium, spores, and reproduction processes in fungi. Ideal for beginners and enthusiasts alike, this resource offers insights into both beneficial and non-beneficial fungi. Uncover the ecological roles and life cycles of mushrooms and lichens today!

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Kingdom Fungi

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  1. Kingdom Fungi Sections 18-2 and 23-2

  2. A Recipe for Mushrooms • Ingredients: • Substrate (compost): • hay • horse droppings (urine,) • corn cobs • poultry droppings • Spawn: • mostly the mycelium of a mushroom

  3. A Recipe for Mushrooms • Directions: • Prepare the substrate: mix ingredients, sterilize • Combine spawn to substrate, mix • Wait then harvest mushrooms

  4. Draw a mushroom • Cap • Stalk • Hyphae: root-like fibers • Mycelium: a group of hyphae • Spores: inside gills

  5. Examine a Mushroom • Cap • Stalk • Gills • Ring • Basidia • Spores

  6. Cap Stalk Ring? Gills Basidia: inside gills, small Spores: attached to basidia

  7. Nutrition • Extracellular digestion Digestive enzymes are secreted into the substrate, digested food is absorbed into the mycelium.

  8. Reproduction • Haploid spores are produced • The life cycle of a mushroom

  9. The basidia are located in the gills. • The stipe is the stalk. • Haploid to diploid (n to 2n) • The germinating basidospore produces the the (hyphae?) or mycelium. • In the mycelium by fusion. • Basideospores are produced by meiosis. • Basideospres are dispersed by wind!

  10. Yeast Mushrooms Morels Truffles Penicillin- medicine Beneficial Fungi food

  11. Rusts Rhizopus Black bread mold Puffballs Toadballs Toadstool Ringworm Tomato blight Cucumber scab Athlete's foot Non-beneficial Fungi

  12. Common mold Black Bread mold Produce sporangia Phylum: Zygomycota

  13. mushrooms Phylum: Basideomycota

  14. Imperfect fungi Ring worm Athlete's foot etc. Phylum: Deutromycotes

  15. Yeast truffles morels sac fungi Phylum: Asocomycota

  16. Phylum: Imperfect Fungi

  17. References http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/488/499991/CDA29_1/CDA29_1a/CDA29_1a.htmExcellent bisideomycetes life cycle

  18. Lichens • Green scale-like patches on rock and trees • Symbiotic partnership • fungus (water, minerals) • cyanobacteria (photosynthesis) • soil builders • Survive in harsh environments

  19. LICHENS- A primary producer

  20. LICHEN • Lichen is a combination of two separate organisms - fungus and cyanobacteria • The fungus provides a structure that may protect the alga from drying and harsh conditions • The algae provides the food supply using photosynthesis

  21. Lichens are also dye sources, and is used as a food-coloring agent and to form litmus, the acid-base indicator. • In arctic and alpine regions such lichens as reindeer moss serve as food for caribou, reindeer and other mammals.

  22. Answer Key • 1.Lichen is a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism. • 2.Because both partners benefit this is an example of mutualism. • 3.Fungi can reproduce both __sexuallyandasexually • 4.The members of kingdom fungi are heterotrophic/heterotrophic they use other organisms for food. • 5.The filaments that make up a fungus are called hypha. • 6.Together these filaments are called the mycelium. • 7.If the filament is an unspecialized root it is called a rhizoid. • 8.The different phyla of fungi are separated based on their fruiting body, or spore-producing structure. • 9.In bread mold, a sporangia is a structure that produces spores. • 10.The fungus yeast is an exception, but most other fungi are multicellular, unlike the members of kingdom Protista. • 11.In fungi, internal membranes, for example, a nuclear envelope, are present, making them eukaryotic, unlike the bacteria. • 12.If an organism uses dead organisms as a food supply as many fungi do, it is called a saprophyte. • 13.Athlete’s foot is a fungus that uses a living organism as a food supply. It is a parasite. • 14.The outermost structure of a fungal cell, the cell wall, is different than plants. It contains a polysaccharide called chitin.. • 15.Fungi are important decomposers in the environment. Using extra cellular they breakdown dead organisms and release their nutrients into the environment. • 16.After this process the fungi use absorption to obtain these nutrients. • 17.A spore does not contain a double set of chromosomes. It is a haploid cell. • 18.A single spore lands on a piece of bread and produces a sporangium and new spores. This is an example of asexual reproduction

  23. 1 c 2 d 3 a 4 f 5 g 6 e 7 g 8 b 9 e 10 f 11 heterotropic eukaryotics 12 chitin 13 hypha 14 mycellium 15 spore 16 basdeomycota 17 EC 18 EC deuteromycetes 19 sexually and asexually 20 asexual Fungus Xerox 18-2

  24. Fungi Xerox 18-2 (cont.) • 21 • 22 • 23

  25. FUNGI BOTH PLANTS

  26. 1 b 2 h 3 d. 4 i 5 f 6 b/h 7 g 8 e 9 f E.C. 10 c 11 i E.C. 12 a 13 Heterotrophs 14 outside 15 Hypha 16 Mycelium 17 Perforated 18 Asexually 19 Fruiting Body 20 Deueromycetes Fungi – 23-2

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