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Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Fungi. Biology 11. Kingdoms Review:. What is a fungus?. A eukaryotic , multicellular , heterotrophic organism that does not have chlorophyll. Mycology = study of fungi. Structure:.

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Kingdom Fungi

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  1. Kingdom Fungi Biology 11

  2. Kingdoms Review:

  3. What is a fungus? • A eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic organism that does not have chlorophyll. • Mycology = study of fungi

  4. Structure: • The main body of most fungi is made up of fine, branching, usually colourless threads called hyphae. • Each fungus will have vast numbers of these hyphae, all intertwining to make up a tangled web called the mycelium.

  5. Structure: • Fruiting bodies (such as mushrooms) are made up of thick collections of hyphae. • Fruiting bodies can produces spores

  6. Ecological Importance: • Decomposers: recycle nutrients (often called saprobes or saprophytes) • Parasites: feed on living organisms • Symbiosis: mutualistic relationships Ex. lichens and mycorrhizae

  7. How fungi feed: • Extracellular digestion: • As the hyphae grow across a food surface, they release digestive chemicals • These chemical break large organic molecules into smaller molecules • The smaller molecules diffuse into the fungi

  8. How Fungi Reproduce: • Most fungi can reproduce with asexual or sexual reproduction • Fragmentation: (asexual) when a piece of hyphae brakes off, a new piece can grow back • Spores: windblown reproductive cells that help fungi disperse to new locations • Spore can be asexual or sexual

  9. Diversity of Fungi: • Over 100,000 species of fungi • 4 phyla • Classified according to their reproductive structures

  10. 1. Phylum Zygomycota: • Example: bread molds • Spores for reproduction • Sporangia (a spore case) • Hyphae grow into the food source

  11. 2. Phylum Ascomycota: • Sac fungi • Produce a sac-like reproductive structure called an ascus • Examples: • Morels and truffles (for eating) • Yeast (only unicellular fungi) • Athlete's foot, ringworm • Plant diseases: Dutch elm and ergot

  12. Scarlet cup http://www.mykoweb.com/photos/large/Sarcoscypha_coccinea(mgw-01).jpg

  13. Yeast

  14. Morel

  15. 3. Phylum Basidiomycota: • Club Fungi • Examples includes mushrooms, shelf fungi and puffballs • Produce spore in a club shaped structure called basidia • The basidia are located under the cap in the gills

  16. http://www.mykoweb.com/photos/large/Lycoperdon(mgw-01).jpg

  17. Jack-o-lantern fungi http://www.mykoweb.com/photos/large/Omphalotus_olivascens(mgw-01).jpg

  18. Amanita muscaria extremely poisonous! http://www.mykoweb.com/photos/large/Amanita_muscaria(mgw-03).jpg

  19. 4. Deuteromycota (Imperfect Fungi) • Reproduces asexual only • Many are used in food production, such as cheeses and soy sauce • Examples are Penicillium and Aspergillis Causes lung disease in humans Developed penicillin the antibiotic from this

  20. Aspergillis

  21. Lichens • Mutualistic relationship (both benefit from living together) between a fungi and a cyanobacteria or algae • Fungi provides shelter and moisture and photosynthetic partner provides the food Importance: • food source for Arctic animals(caribou,etc) • pioneer organisms in primary succession • indicator for air pollution

  22. Pseudocyphellaria aurata, "green specklebelly", on the bark of a plane tree in the mountains of Tennessee. In Madagascar, a tea made from this lichen is used to treat indigestion. http://www.lichen.com/bigpix/Paurata.html

  23. Cetrelia chicitae("sea-storm lichen") on mossy rock, north shore of Lake Superior, Ontario. http://www.lichen.com/bigpix/Cchicitae.html

  24. Complete “Three types of Fungi” diagrams together

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