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Cerebral Cortex

Cerebral Cortex. Medical Neuroscience Dr. Wiegand. Comparative Anatomy. cat. rat. human. Human cortical expansion not strictly due to enlarged motor or primary sensory areas. Longitudinal fissure. Gyri & sulci. Lateral or Sylvian fissure. Central sulcus. Precentral & postcentral

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Cerebral Cortex

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  1. Cerebral Cortex Medical Neuroscience Dr. Wiegand

  2. Comparative Anatomy cat rat human Human cortical expansion not strictly due to enlarged motor or primary sensory areas

  3. Longitudinal fissure Gyri & sulci Lateral or Sylvian fissure

  4. Central sulcus Precentral & postcentral gyri Parieto- occipital sulcus Lateral or Sylvian fissure Preoccipital notch Landmarks

  5. poles operculum Lobes Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Temporal lobe Occipital lobe

  6. Central sulcus Parietal lobe Parieto- occipital sulcus Occipital lobe Medial Surface Frontal lobe

  7. Parietal Lobe • Post central gyrus • Supramarginal and angular gyri • Superior parietal lobule • Frontal lobe • Sup./mid./inf. gyri • Precentral gyrus/sulcus • Pars orpercularis, triangularis, orbitalis • Temporal Lobe • Sup./mid./inf. gyri • Transverse gyri

  8. Corpus callosum • Callosal sulcus • Cingulate gyrus/sulcus • Anterior commissure • Superior frontal gyrus • Paracentral lobule • Precuneus • Cuneus • Calcarine sulcus • Lingual gyrus • Fornix • Septum pellucidum

  9. Gyrus rectus • Olfactory sulcus/tract/bulb • Olfactory stria • Orbital gyri • Occipitotemporal gyrus • Parahippocampal gyrus & uncus • Collateral & rhinal sulci • Ant./post. perforated substance

  10. claustrum Deep TelencephalicNuclei

  11. Hippocampal formation = hippocampus + dentate gyrus Gray Matter of the Cerebral Cortex • Archicortex – 3 layers (hippocampus) • Neocortex – 6 cellular layers

  12. Neocortex • Neocortex – 6 cellular layers • Molecular layer – mostly neuropil • External granular layer – stellate cells • External pyramidal layer – small pyramidal cells • Internal granular layer – stellate cells • Internal pyramidal layer – large pyramidal cells • Multiform layer – multiple cell types

  13. motor sensory association I II Association & Commissural III Thalamocortical afferents IV Corticofugal efferents V Corticothalmic efferents VI

  14. Area 4 = primary motor cortex Areas 3, 1,2 = primary somatosensory cortex Area 17 = primary visual cortex Areas 41, 42 = primary auditory cortex BrodmannAreas

  15. intracortical intercortical projection fibers White Matter

  16. Commissural Fibers • Anterior Commissure • Inf. & mid. temporal gyri, olfactory areas • Posterior Commissure • Preoptic nuclei (vision) • Habenular Commissure • Habenular nuclei (olfaction) • Corpus Callosum • Connects hemispheres • Rostrum, genu, body & splenium

  17. Commissural Fibers • Anterior Commissure • Inf. & mid. temporal gyri, olfactory areas • Posterior Commissure • Preoptic nuclei (vision) • Habenular Commissure • Habenular nuclei (olfaction) • Corpus Callosum • Connects hemispheres • Rostrum, genu, body & splenium

  18. Association Fibers • Short fibers – connect adjacent gyri • Long fibers • Superior longitudinal fasc. • Arcuate fasciculus • Inferior longitudinal fasc. • Cingulum – septal area, cingulate and parahippocampal gyri • Uncinate fasc. – orbital frontal gyri to temporal pole

  19. Projection Fibers

  20. Internal Capsule Organization lateral medial

  21. Precentral gyrus Cortical Functional Organization Similar organization in visual, auditory and somatosensory cortices

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