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Biochemistry

Biochemistry. What is organic chemistry? What are carbohydrates? What are lipids? What are proteins? What are nucleic acids?. Special chemicals of life. Organic Chemistry. ORGANIC means comes from and found in LIVING things

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Biochemistry

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  1. Biochemistry What is organic chemistry? What are carbohydrates? What are lipids? What are proteins? What are nucleic acids?

  2. Special chemicals of life

  3. Organic Chemistry • ORGANIC means comes from and found in LIVING things • ORGANIC molecules must contain CARBON (C) and HYDROGEN (H) • Most organic molecules have a CARBON BACKBONE (chain) C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C • What is so cool about carbon? • Carbon makes very strong bonds! • Likes to bond to ITSELF and other elements

  4. Inorganic Molecules • Inorganic means NOTderived from a living thing • Molecular formulas DO NOT contain both C and H at the same time • Many inorganic molecules and substances that living things rely on: • Water (H2O) • Salt (NaCl) • Phosphate (H3PO4)

  5. Which of these molecules is organic? • H2O • CH4 • C6H12O6 • CO2 • O2 • C6H14N2O2 • C5H6N2O2 • Fe2O3

  6. Macromolecules • Means “Giant molecules” • ALL BIG THINGS ARE MADE OF SMALLER THINGS RIGHT? • Four (4) types of OrganicMacromolecules: • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids

  7. Carbs: The Video Clip

  8. Carbohydrates (SUGARS) • Elements Present: • Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen • Job (Function) in Living Things: • Main source of FOOD ENERGY • Building Blocks: • Called Simple sugars • Linked together to make complex (BIG) sugars • Glucose is a simple sugar • Many glucose molecules linked together makes STARCH • STARCH is a complex (BIG) sugar

  9. Glucose structure 1 molecule of glucose

  10. Starch structure

  11. Lipids: The Video Clip

  12. Lipids (Fats) • Elements: • Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen • Mostly H and C • Functions (Jobs) in Living Things: • Stores energy • Parts of membranes • Chemical messengers (hormones) • Identification: • Oily and greasy • VERY LONG carbon chain • Ex. Butter, oils, waxes

  13. Protein: The Video Clip

  14. Proteins • Elements present: • Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen • Jobs (Functions) in Living Things: • Control rates of reactions (ENZYMES) • Help form bones, muscles and other tissues • Transport molecules (Hemoglobin in blood)

  15. Proteins con’t… • Building blocks: • Called Amino Acids • 20 different AA’s that can be linked to form a protein! • Amino Acids are linked in any order and in any number to make endless numbers of proteins! • Proteins are also called POLYPEPTIDES.

  16. Amino Acids

  17. Molecular Structure of Proteins

  18. Building blocks make the molecule! • Put Lego’s together (the building blocks) to make a macromolecule. • Name your protein. • Tell us the function (job) of your protein

  19. Nucleic Acids • Elements present: • Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus • Job (Function) in Living Things: • Store and transmit GENETIC information • Identification: • Helix-shaped • Two types of Nucleic Acids: • DNA (Deoxy-ribo-Nucleic-Acid) • RNA (Ribo-Nucleic-Acid) • Building Blocks • Called Nucleotides or Subunits

  20. Nucleic Acids: The Video Clip

  21. Let’s look closer at one nucleotide • Nucleotides have 3 parts • Phosphate • Ribose sugar • Nitrogen Base (1 of 4) • Each nucleotide is connected across to another nucleotide • Each nucleotide is also connected to another above and below • This forms the ladder–shapedDNA or RNA molecule

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