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Origins of the WW II

Origins of the WW II. Lesson Essential Question: Could WWII have been prevented?. Remember… One More Lollypop and Then You All Go Home!”. The Great Depression to WWII . The effects of the Depression are felt around the world What happens when economic times are bad?

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Origins of the WW II

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  1. Origins of the WW II Lesson Essential Question: Could WWII have been prevented?

  2. Remember… One More Lollypop and Then You All Go Home!”

  3. The Great Depression to WWII • The effects of the Depression are felt around the world • What happens when economic times are bad? • Increase in racism (scapegoats) • Increase in radicalism

  4. The Treaty of Versailles • Do we remember what this is? • When was it signed? • What was the effects of this Treaty?

  5. The Treaty of Versailles • A “peace” treaty signed by Allied powers and Germany on June 18, 1919 • It assigned Germany responsibility for the war. • Required Germany to pay reparations to Allied countries • Reduced Germany’s territory • Didn’t allow for Germany to have an army

  6. The Treaty of Versailles • Germans do not like the treaty – • the assume the guilt • paying war reparations • Not being able to have a military • Do you think this treaty is going to keep the world peace so many hoped for?

  7. Policy of Appeasement • What is Appeasement? • Yielding to an enemy’s demands in order to maintain peace • Does it work? • Ah what are we studying right now… you be the judge 

  8. End of WWI • At the end of WWI the Treaty of Versailles was signed to end of all wars • Problem – it blamed Germany and put the war debts

  9. Hitler and appeasement • France and Great Britain still recovering from WWI – will go to great costs to avoid another war • France and GB distrust Hitler – but decided on appeasement • Why?

  10. Appeasement and Sudeten Land • Chamberlin (the British leader) said didn’t make sense to go to war over such a small territory…. Let Germany have it… not worth war • What do you think?

  11. Munich Pact - 1938

  12. Munich Pact - 1938 • France, Great Britain, Italy, and Germany signed • Basically said Hitler would not expand beyond the Sudetenland of German speaking Czechoslovakia

  13. What is the point of this cartoon?

  14. What do you think? • Is Appeasement a good idea?

  15. Let’s meet the players • Stalin • Mussolini • Hitler • Tojo • Prime Minister Churchill • FDR

  16. Soviet Union: Joseph Stalin

  17. Stalin’s Soviet Union • Lenin’s worldwide Communist revolution never occurred. • Stalin takes over after Lenin’s death in 1924.

  18. Stalin’s Economic Plans • Modernize agriculture • He wanted farmers to combine family farms into farms run by the state (country). –collective farms. • State takeover of land took several years– resistance was met with confiscation of food—also sent to labor camps • Collectivization led to loss of human lives and shortage of food—rationing.

  19. Stalin’s Reign of Terror • Purges- elimination of enemies. • Great Purge began in 1934 w/ local party officials and farmers • By 1939 more than 7 million arrested at all levels of society. • A million were executed and millions more were sent to labor camps. • Purges did eliminate threats to Stalin– real or imagined.

  20. Totalitarianism Government - Stalin • Communist party as the only authority • State planning of the economy • Brutal purges to maintain political control • Complete control of a persons life – every aspect

  21. Italy: Benito Mussolini

  22. Italy after WWI • Inflation (extreme) and labor strikes hurt the economy • Communists threatened to take over • Mad at Versailles because failed to give Italians the land they thought they deserved.

  23. Mussolini – Italy • Mussolini took advantage of these condition to become a leader and ultimately a dictator • Benito Mussolini had fought and been wounded in WWI. • Great speaker, he began to attract followers. • 1919 formed the Fascist Party

  24. Fascism and Italy • Extreme nationalism in which the state comes first and the individual liberties is secondary • Strongly oppose communism and democracy • They favor military values, violence, and ruthless leadership

  25. Mussolini continued…. • Called himself Il Duce (the leader) • His tone was often emotional and dramatic.

  26. Mussolini continued…. • Used gangs of thugs known as Black shirts to terrorize those who opposed him. • Vowed to end economic poverty—outlawed political parties, ended elections, became dictatorship.

  27. At first Mussolini received praise from European countries, they soon regret this praise. • Had plans to form a new Roman Empire. • October 1935—invades Ethiopia, by 1936 Ethiopia was under Italian control.

  28. Characteristics of Fascism in Italy • Extreme nationalism • Individual liberties CRUSHED • State is paramount • Bring back the glory of ancient Rome through military conquest

  29. Adolf Hitler Rise to Power

  30. Something to ponder… how does this little boy on the left became the man on the right who was ultimately responsible for the death of about 50 million people all over the world!!

  31. Hitler’sArt signature

  32. Military Service Adolf left Austria at the age of 24 to avoid mandatory military service that was required of all men. But he did sign up for military service at the start of WW I. He joined a Bavarian unit of the German Army. This is a picture of Hitler listening to an enlistment speech.

  33. World War I • Excited to fight for Germany. • Found a home fighting for the Fatherland. • Highest rank held was corporal. • Was a regimental messenger, not an easy job at all.

  34. Military Record • Was awarded the Iron Cross twice. (5 medals overall) • Highest military honor in German Army. • Single handedly captured 4 French soldiers. • Blinded by gas attack towards end of war.

  35. German Loss in WW I • Hitler was devastated when he heard the news of the German surrender. • He was appalled at the anti-war sentiment among the German civilians. • Believed there was an anti-war conspiracy that involved the Jews and Marxists. • Also, felt that the German military did not lose the war, but that the politicians (mostly Jews) at home were responsible for the defeat.

  36. NAZI Party is Formed • Hitler began to think big for the German Worker’s Party • Began placing ads for meetings in anti-Semitic newspapers • Hitler changed the name to National Socialist German Worker’s Party or the NAZIS

  37. Party Platform • Hitler drafted a platform of 25 points • Revoke Versailles Treaty • Revoke civil rights of Jews • Confiscate any war profits Besides changing the party name, the red flag with the SWASTIKA was adopted as the party symbol

  38. Beer Hall Putsch • October 30, 1923 • Hitler held a rally in Munich beer hall and declared revolution • Led 2000 men in take over of Bavarian Government • It failed and Hitler was imprisoned

  39. Trial and Jail • At his trial (Hitler was charged with treason), he used the opportunity to speak about the NAZI platform and spread his popularity. • The whole nation suddenly knew who Adolf Hitler was and what he stood for • He was sentenced to five years, but actually only served about 9 months • When he left prison, he was ready to go into action again.

  40. Mein Kampf • Hitler’s book “My Struggle” - wrote while in jail • Sold 5 million copies, made him rich • Topics included: Jews were evil, Germans were superior race, Fuhrer principal, dislike of Communism and Democracy and need to conquer Russia

  41. Appeal of Hitler • Germany was in the midst of an economic depression with hyper-inflation • Hitler was a WW I hero who talked about bringing glory back to the “Fatherland” • He promised the rich industrialists that he would end any communist threat in Germany • Constantly blamed Jews for Germany’s problems, not the German people. • Hitler was an excellent public speaker.

  42. Strong Arm Tactics • The “Brownshirts” or SA (Stormtroopers) • SA was used to put down opposition parties • Threatened and beat up Jews and ant-Nazi voters • Wore brownshirts, pants and boots • Numbered almost 400,000 by 1932

  43. Absolute Power • German economy was improving, people were happy • Hilter had not political opposition • 1st concentration camp opened in 1933 • Began rearming German Army for expansion of the Reich

  44. Things to know – on Hitler / Nazism • Extreme nationalism • Territorial expansion to create “living space” • Civil Liberties abolished • Force used to eliminate opposition

  45. Did you know: • The U.S. Navy will spend as much as $600,000 to modify the appearance of a barracks complex that resembles a swastika from the air .(Google Earth) http://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=3654325

  46. Wow that was a lot • Jot down what you think might have been some of the reasons Hitler was able to come to power • Why were the people willing to believe what he had to offer?

  47. Who is Next… Why Mr. TOJO • Japan

  48. Japan: Emperor Hirohito1926-1989

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