IT GOES GREEN

1. IT GOES GREEN CreatedbyEducation Goes Green Project Team

2. Objective of the module The application of IT to minimize the need for conventional natural resources with the overall aim of protecting our environment.

3. Expectation from the module • understand the content of “IT Green Thinking” module topics • to understand how to apply GT examples in the right context to their target groups • to be able to develop local GTM

4. Content

5. GREEN HARDWARE Content List definition history and development contribution to environmental protection practical implementation/practical examples case studies/best practice examples

6. Definition • Hardware refers to the physical elements of a computer. Also referred to as the machinery or the equipment of the computer. • Examples of hardware in a computer are the keyboard, the monitor, the mouse and the processing unit. • A computer's hardware is comprised of many different parts, but perhaps the most important of these is the motherboard. The motherboard is made up of even more parts that power and control the computer.

7. In contrast to software, hardware is a physical entity, while software is a non-physical entity. Hardware and software are interconnected, without software, the hardware of a computer would have no function. However, without the creation of hardware to perform tasks directed by software via the central processing unit (box), software would be useless. Source: http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/File:Quick_overview_of_pc_hardware.jpg

8. History and Development Computer was referred as the machine which can carry the task of computation form the end of the 19th century. However now it is not just a calculation machine, it has diversified applications and it has even revolutionized the industry. If we make a deep analysis regarding the history of the computer we have to go back in 16th century. However the true progress in this field started in early nineteenth century.

9. Early Digital Computers • Zues was introduced in Germany in 1941; it uses binary coding for its operation. It involves the lector mechanical computing mechanism. • In 1942 Attansoff Berry computer came to surface with electric binary computing mechanism. Its origin was USA. • Colluses Mark was a UK based technology and it emerged in 1944. It was also based on binary numeral principle. In the same year in Harvard, Harvard Mark IBM ASCC was introduced. • ENIAC was introduced in 1946; it had its origin from UK. The modified version of ENIAC was introduced in 1948, as in 1949 EDSAC, Manchester Mark and CSIRAC came forward.

10. The early computers and the associated hardware were really expensive and heavy. For example first portable computer weighed about 25kg.

11. The first mouse was invented by Douglas Engelbart in 1963. • The optical mouse was invented in 1980; it did not receive widespread popularity during the early phase of its invention. • The first portable computer was introduced by IBM in 1975, it was of the size of a small suit case and it also required external power in order to operate. • The use of random access memory (Ram) started in 1951. This memory was earlier known as magnetic core memory. • Core memory was the base of early computers which was replaced in 1970 by integrated silicone RAM chips. • The first hard disk was introduced by IBM, it was used in IBM 305RAMAC. It became part of the first IBM computers in 1960's.

12. The first laser printer was conceived by Gary Starkweather in 1969. However it did not become popular unless IBM introduced their branded laser printer known as IBM 3800 in 1976 - it was as large as a room. • The first web server was introduced in 1991, which was used by Tim Berners while discovering World Wide Web at CERN.

13. Green IT • Computers and other IT infrastructure consume significant amounts of electricity, placing a heavy burden on our electric grids and contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, IT hardware poses severe environmental problems both during its production and its disposal. IT is a significant and growing part of the environmental problems we face today. We are obliged to minimize or eliminate where possible the environmental impact of IT to help create a more sustainable environment.

14. To reduce IT’s environmental problems and to create a sustainable environment, we call upon the IT sector as well as every computer user to green their IT systems, as well as the way they use these systems. We are legally, ethically, and socially required to green our IT products, applications, services, and practices. Green IT benefits the environment by improving energy efficiency, lowering greenhouse gas emissions, using less harmful materials, and encouraging reuse and recycling.

15. Hardware as a tool that turns the world into a greener reality Source: http://www.biggerplate.com/mindmaps/RPg3WIEa/green-ict

16. Practical Implementations • Solar Powered Computing • Smart Sensor Networks • Cloud Computing • Mobile Devices Eco Charger • Voltaic Generator solar bag • Digital Pen • Electronic Paper

17. Solar Powered Computing • It comprises a complete package containing the AC/DC base unit with internal 60 amp-hour sealed battery and detachable pull-handle. The solar electric panel has a high-tempered safety glass covering, rigid aluminum frame and integrated, advanced solar controller with 15 foot solar power cord. The unit is virtually silent and quite flexible. The 120 VAC/60 Hz and 12 VDC power supply can be operated with or without the solar panel depending on the application, the devices requiring power, and the run times desired. In most cases, the solar panel extends run time significantly by supplying power from the sun as power is being removed from the base unit. • Solar cells require very little maintenance throughout their lifetime, and once initial installation costs are covered, they provide energy at virtually no cost. Worldwide production of solar cells has increased rapidly over the last few years; and as more governments begin to recognize the benefits of solar power, and the development of photovoltaic technologies goes on, costs are expected to continue to decline.

18. Smart Sensor Networks • Sensors and sensor networks have an important impact in meeting environmental challenges. Sensor applications in multiple fields such as smart power grids, smart buildings and smart industrial process control significantly contribute to more efficient use of resources and thus a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and other sources of pollution.

19. Cloud Computing • Cloud computing has many benefits, one of which is enabling anybody to obtain the environmental benefits of virtualization. Whilst most servers in company data centres run at c.30 per cent capacity, most cloud vendor servers run at 80 per cent capacity or more. By choosing to cloud compute companies may therefore potentially reduce their carbon footprint. • As well as allowing server capacity to run at more optimal energy efficiency, cloud computing can also remove the need for most users to run high-power PCs and laptops. Indeed, by opting to use SaaS applications from the cloud, one of the benefits of cloud computing is that lower power hardware becomes a more and more viable option. It is also worth noting that the use of SaaS tools may also enable more people to collaborate without the need to physically travel, in turn reducing the environmental impact of the activity.

20. Mobile Devices Eco Charger • One charger can charge all your devices, reduces wasted standby power, and the technology automatically shuts off the charging power to your device when not needed and powers up easily again when needed. • If we think of all the chargers plugged in and running 24 hours a day, regardless of whether the devices they charge require power or not and that's alot of wasteful energy and alot of CO2 emissions released into the environment too. The Eco Charger device reduces wasted standby power by 85% and the technology automatically shuts off charging power to a device when not needed and has an instant wakeup button for immediate power up with the device needs charged again.

21. Voltaic Generator solar bag • The sun generously bathes the earth in abundant light, but other than the minuscule portion that is currently captured, most isn't being used to generate energy. Voltaic Systems Inc. wants to put an end to that with its line of solar-powered notebook bags and backpacks. • Capable of charging a notebook, cell phone or other gadget, the 4.5-lb. Voltaic Generator case can be your own personal power grid on the go. On the outside is a rigid 15-by-10-in. solar panel that can grab up to 15 watts of power on a sunny day to charge its 58-watt internal battery. I charged it for six hours on a sunny day, and it was able to start a Lenovo ThinkPad X300 with a dead battery and raise the notebook's charge level to 50%.

22. Digital Pen • Digital paper, also known as interactive paper, is patterned paper used in conjunction with a digital pen to create handwritten digital documents. The printed dot pattern uniquely identifies the position coordinates on the paper. The digital pen uses this pattern to store the handwriting and upload it to a computer. • A digital pen is a battery-operated writing instrument that allows the user to digitally capture a handwritten note or drawing. Typically, a digital pen comes with a Universal Serial Bus (USB) cradle to let the user upload the handwritten notes to a personal computer (PC). The pen looks like a regular ball-point pen and can be used as such, but requires special digital paper if the user wishes to digitally capture what he has written. A page of digital paper, which can be purchased in traditional pad or sticky-note size, has small dots on it that allow the pen to "see" what has been written.

23. Electronic Paper • Electronic paper, e-paper and electronic ink are display technologies which are designed to mimic the appearance of ordinary ink on paper. Unlike conventional backlit flat panel displays which emit light, electronic paper displays reflect light like ordinary paper. Many of the technologies can hold static text and images indefinitely without using electricity, while allowing images to be changed later. Flexible electronic paper uses plastic substrates and plastic electronics for the display backplane. • Applications of electronic visual displays include electronic pricing labels in retail shops, and digital signage, time tables at bus stations, electronic billboards, mobile phone displays, and e-readers able to display digital versions of books and e-paper magazines.

24. Best Practices • Carbon-freeComputing • EnergyStar • Project BigGreen

25. Carbon-free computing • Carbon Free Computing is a project started by VIA technologies in October 2006 as part of the VIA Green Computing Initiative, which aims to manufacture the world's first line of PC products that can be certified carbon free. The VIA Carbon Free Computing initiative consists of a set of programs and products that are developed to reduce their impact on the environment. • The VIA Carbon Free Computing initiative drives the design of a new class of carbon-free PC products that reduce the impact of carbon on the environment. The main objective of this initiative is to work closely with chosen partners and organizations to create PCs that can be certified and promoted as “carbon free”. VIA also focuses on providing an effective way to allow commercial, government, and end users to discover “carbon-free” PCs and their benefits. • The Carbon Free Computing initiative utilizes the concept of "carbon offsets," in which a company may partner with other organizations in projects to "offset" either direct or indirect carbon emissions in the manufacturing process. An example of such indirect emissions might be the use of electricity produced by a carbon-emitting power plant. • Together with environmental experts, VIA works to calculate the electricity used by an average carbon-free computer product over its lifetime. Using those values, VIA calculates the amount of carbon dioxide emissions released into the environment from power plants. VIA then works on reducing the amount of carbon dioxide emissions by undertaking various projects such as reforestation, alternative energy, and energy conservation.

26. Governments go green! • Many governments worldwide have initiated energy-management programs, such as Energy Star, an international standard for energy-efficient electronic equipment that was created by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in 1992 and has now been adopted by several other countries. Energy Star reduces the amount of energy consumed by a product by automatically switching it into “sleep” mode when not in use or reducing the amount of power used by a product when in “standby” mode. Surprisingly, standby “leaking,” the electricity consumed by appliances when they are switched off, can represent as much as 12 percent of a typical household’s electricity consumption. • Worldwide, standby power is estimated to account for as much as 1 percent of global greenhouse emissions. Most of the energy used by products on standby does not result any useful function. A small amount can be needed for maintaining memory or an internal clock, remote-control activation, or other features; but most standby power is wasted energy. Energy Star–enabled products minimize this waste.

27. Project Big Green • In May 2007, IBM unveiled its Project Big Green, dedicated to increasing energy efficiency across the company's branches around the world. Experts say that businesses will continue to invest in clean computing, not only because of future regulations, policies, and social demands to reduce their carbon footprint, but also due to the significant long-term savings it can make.   • The IBM Big Green Project is using its expertise and energy-smart technology innovations to outline a five-step approach for its clients, that is designed to dramatically improve energy efficiency: • DIAGNOSE: Evaluate existing facilities -- energy assessment, virtual 3-D power management and thermal analytics • BUILD: Plan, build or update to an energy efficient data center • VIRTUALIZE: Virtualize IT infrastructures and special purpose processors • MANAGE: Seize control with power management software • COOL: Exploit liquid cooling solutions -- inside and out of the data center • IBM will soon launch an open, Web-enabled clearinghouse for energy efficiency incentives. The Energy Efficiency Incentive Finder will be one central website for details about energy efficiency incentives and programs that are available from local utility companies, governments, and other participating agencies anywhere in the world.

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29. GREEN SOFTWARE Content List definition history and development contribution to environmental protection practical implementation/practical examples case studies/best practice examples

30. Definition • Software is a collection of computer programs and related data that provides the instructions for telling a computer what to do and how to do it.

31. Types of software System software System software is computer software designed to operate the computer hardware to provide basic functionality and to provide a platform for running application software.[5][6] System software includes device drivers, operating systems, servers, utilities, and window systems. Programming software Programming software include tools in the form of programs or applications that software developers use to create, debug, maintain, or otherwise support other programs and applications. The term usually refers to relatively simple programs such as compilers, debuggers, interpreters, linkers, and text editors. Application software Application software is developed to perform in any task that benefit from computation. It is a set of programs that allows the computer to perform a specific data processing job for the user. It is a broad category, and encompasses software of many kinds like internet browsers.

32. History and Development • The first theory about software was proposed by Alan Turing in his 1935 • The term "software" was first used in print by John W. Tukey in 1958. • The history of computer software is most often traced back to the first software bug in 1946.

33. Contribution to Environmental Protection • Smart buildings • Smart grids • Smart transport • Sustainable lifestyles • Smart health& education

34. Practical Implementations • Ecofont • GreenPrint • Traffic Applications • CarbonFootprint

35. Ecofont • Printer ink is not only toxic, but also expensive.Saving on ink and toner helps in reaching lowercostgoals. • Ecofont software saves ink and toner by leaving small holes in the letters.These holes are never visible on screen and on paper. • Also, Ecofont software saves paper by printing without unnecessary images, or by printing only a small selection from a long email conversation (rich text).

36. Green Print • GreenPrint is a software program which gives you much more control over what you print. • Two version: • Home • Business • GreenPrint also allows you to monitor how much paper you are saving, as well as the related costs.

37. Traffic Applications • As traffic jam has so big environmental and economic effects, is can be a good way of contributing environment. There is some helpful software citizens can display the traffic situation of the roads in the city with every moment. This leads to choose their route according to data from software. • Google Maps Traffic http://maps.google.com. • IBB Traffic • http://tkm.ibb.gov.tr • Mobileapplications for iPhone and Android.

38. Carbon Footprint • Advanced Business Solutions, an integrated business applications and services provider, announces the launch of “Carbon Accounting” software. • The captured carbon emissions data is automatically recorded in the general ledger and relevant project ledgers, providing instant transparency whilst cutting time-consuming manual processing. • It is also possible for individuals to find similar products on the web.

39. Best Practices • Smart Meter • Verdiem

40. Smart Meter • A smart meter is usually an electrical meter, but it also may mean a device measuring natural gas or water consumption • The American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy reviewed more than 36 different residential smart metering and feedback programs internationally. • The world's largest smart meter deployment was undertaken by EnelSpA, the dominant utility in Italy with more than 30 million customers. • The system provides a wide range of advanced features, including the ability to remotely turn power on or off to a customer, read usage information from a meter, detect a service outage, change the maximum amount of electricity that a customer may demand at any time, detect "unauthorized" use of electricity and remotely shut it off, and remotely change the meter's billing plan from credit to prepay, as well as, from flat-rate to multi-tariff.

41. Verdiem • Verdiem Surveyor enables customers to centrally control and reduce the energy used by PCs, Macs, and network devices running Cisco EnergyWise without impacting end users. • Successs Stories: • The National Institutes of Health: Saving an average of 953,678 kWh of electricity -- about $71,000 per year. • Cox Enterprises: 40% savings in energy consumption. • Prince George's County Public Schools: Saving $200,000 annually.

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43. GREEN E-SERVICES Content List definition history and development contribution to environmental protection practical implementation/practical examples case studies/best practice examples

44. Definition • Efforts or performances whose delivery is mediated by information technology. Such e-service includes the service element of electronic retailing, customer support, and service delivery. • This definition reflects three main components: • service provider • service receiver • and the channels of service delivery (i.e., technology). • E-service includes non-commercial services (online), which is usually provided by the government but may also include e-commerce provided by the private sector. • The use and description of the e-services in this presentation will be limited to the context of e-government only because e-services is usually associated with the public sector.

45. Dominant application areas of e-services are: • E-government • e-central portal • e-signatures • e-invoicing • e-taxes • E-commerce (private sector) • e.g. Amazon.com • Other e-services • e-banking (public and private sector) • e-learning • E-services can reduce paper use, fuel use and pollution.

46. Definition of e-government • E-government is an electronic administration which includes the use of ICT in government and digital interactions between a government and citizens. • The term e-government is often used in a broad sense and not limited to electronic treatment and processing issues in public administration.

47. The history and development Governments around the world have invested in ICT with the aim of increasing the quality and decreasing the cost of public services. Strategy for e-government in Europe Manchester 2006 • Declaration to support the EU strategy concerning e-government until 2010.

48. Lisbon 2007 (to 2010) • ministerial declaration covers, among others the use of electronic identification and electronic invoices between countries, simplifying the interaction of citizens with the government, access for all to use e-government and increased public participation in democratic decisions. Malmö 2009 (to 2015) • citizens and companies should get more independence through e-government based on user needs and should be developed in partnership with third parties, and provide increased access to public information, increased transparency and open effective channels for the participation of stakeholders in policy-making process.

49. Emphasizes in e-government in Europe 2010 - 2012 • improving public sector efficiency to economic sustainability in the future. European region • has highest level of e-government development compared with other continents. • In European region it is around 50% higher than that of the world as a whole. Imbalance in the world • e-government imbalance exists in the digital world between developed and the developing countries, especially in Africa.

50. Contribution to environmental protection Despite the fact that IT (information technology) is responsible for 2% of the world's total emission of CO2, IT contains the key to reducing the problem. E-government is an important tool • to promote better access for citizens to public administration and its services. E-government can lower the cost and increase the quality of service. • E-government can reduce paper use, fuel use and pollution. Some countries provide online information • to educate citizens regarding clean water, clean air, resource conservation and information regarding energy. Environmental issues are in its infancy in the world • Europe takes the lead, other countries are slow to follow.