1 / 16

Understanding Microbiology: The Study of Bacteria, Viruses, and Microbial Life

Dive into the fascinating world of microbiology, exploring microscopic organisms including bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, and viruses. While only a small percentage are pathogenic, all require essential resources like water, nutrients, and appropriate temperatures for growth. Learn about bacterial reproduction through binary fission, conjugation, and transformation, as well as the diversity of shapes and arrangements. Also, discover historical theories of disease and key contributors to germ theory, including Pasteur and Koch. Uncover how microbes impact our world in profound ways.

ardice
Télécharger la présentation

Understanding Microbiology: The Study of Bacteria, Viruses, and Microbial Life

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. MICROBIOLOGY STUDY OF BACTERIA & VIRUSES

  2. WHAT ARE MICROBES? • Microscopic organisms that include bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa & viruses • Less than 5% are classified as pathogenic (disease causing)

  3. WHAT DO M/O’S NEED? • Water • Food/nutrients • Oxygen • Aerobes, anaerobes, facultative anaerobes • Temperature • Psychrotrophic (32-45 F) • Mesophilic (60-110 F) • Thermophilic (110-150 F) • pH • 7 optimal • Reproduce 4.5 - 10

  4. REPRODUCTION • Bacteria • Binary Fission • 1 bacteria clone itself • Produce 2 identical cells • Conjugation • Two bacteria share genetic information • Produce 2 new cells • Transformation • Bacteria takes genes from environment

  5. REPRODUCTION • Molds • Fragmentation • Pieces break off & create new individual • Budding • Copy (similar b. fission) • New copy break off of original • Spores • Reproductive cells released  either free-form or join w/ another

  6. BACTERIA • Prokaryotic cells • No nucleus • Contain genetic material  plasmid • Single round chromosome • Ribosomes –make proteins • Pilli • protein hair-like structures • Help cells attach • Flagella • movement

  7. BACTERIAL STRUCTURES • Cell Wall • Rigid structure either carbs or proteins • Prevents osmotic pressure (cytolysis) • Capsule • Sticky gelatin surrounds c.wall • Prevents wbc from attaching • Outer Membrane (some forms) • Toxic lipid bilayer • Endospore(some forms) • Hard outer covering • Prevents drying out • Allows go dormant

  8. MOLD • Eukaryotic Cells • Cross between plant & animal cell • Cell walls • No Chloroplasts • Consumers  saprophyte (absorb nutrients from dead, decaying organisms)

  9. MOLD • Multi-cellular organisms composed of branches called “hypae” • Vegetative hypae attached to host • Aerial hypae  absorb O2 from air

  10. M/O IN ENVIRONMENT LAB • What area of EPHS will support the most amount of microbial growth? • 20 Possible locations: • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • - • - Control

  11. BACTERIAL SHAPES • Cocci (coccus) • Round cells • Bacilli (bacillus) • Rod shaped • Spirella (spirellum) • Thick, rigid spiral • Spirochete • Thin, flexible spiral • Vibrio • Curved, comma shaped

  12. BACTERIAL ARRANGEMENTS • Diplo • Arranged in pairs • Diplococci, diplobacilli • Strepto • Arranged chains • Streptobacilli • Staphlo • Arranged in clusters • staphlococcus

  13. THEORIES ON DISEASE • Prior to physical evidence of m/o’s • Common beliefs  witchcraft, sins against God • Lucretius (Roman philosopher) • Published theories form of poem • Renounced idea of gods/spirits • Fracastoro • Theory of chemical “spores” travel great distances • Leeuwenhoek • Credited w/ discovering bacteria • Looking a plaque family member’s teeth

  14. GERM THEORY OF DISEASE • Bassi • Discovered silkworm disease caused by a fungus • Killing caterpillars & destroyed silk industry • Berkeley • Proved Great Potato Blight caused by a fungus

  15. GERM THEORY OF DISEASE • Lister • Developed system antiseptic surgery • Combination heat & phenol alcohol • Koch • Developed criteria proving relationship btw m/o’s & disease • Studied anthrax • Koch’s postulates • M/o found all cases disease • Maintained pure culture • Produce original infection, after generations in culture • Isolated from inoculated host & recultured

  16. GERM THEORY OF DISEASE • Pasteur • Developed 1st vaccine for Rabies • Used attenuated strain (lost ability cause disease) • Gram • Developed system of staining procedures • Divides bacteria 2 grps • Gram +  turn violet • Cell walls simple carbs • Less pathogenic • Gram - turn red • Cell walls protein & extra lipid outer membrane • Resistant antibiotics • Pathogens

More Related