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模式识别理论及应用 Pattern Recognition - Methods and Application

IPL. 武汉大学电子信息学院. 模式识别理论及应用 Pattern Recognition - Methods and Application. 第九章 模糊模式识别. 模式识别与神经网络. IPL. 第九章 模糊模式识别. 内容目录. 9.1 引言. 1. 9 . 2 模糊集的基本知识. 2. 9 . 3 模糊特征和模糊分类. 3. 9 . 4 模糊聚类方法. 4. 9 . 5 Matlab 模糊逻辑工具箱介绍. 5. 9 . 6 讨论. 6. 9.1 引言.

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模式识别理论及应用 Pattern Recognition - Methods and Application

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  1. IPL 武汉大学电子信息学院 模式识别理论及应用Pattern Recognition - Methods and Application 第九章 模糊模式识别

  2. 模式识别与神经网络 IPL 第九章 模糊模式识别 内容目录 9.1 引言 1 9.2 模糊集的基本知识 2 9.3 模糊特征和模糊分类 3 9.4 模糊聚类方法 4 9.5 Matlab模糊逻辑工具箱介绍 5 9.6 讨论 6

  3. 9.1 引言 • L. A. Zadeh, Fuzzy sets, Information and Control, vol.8, pp.338 – 353, 1965 • 传统集合论:一个元素属于一个集合,或不属于该集合,二者必居其一 (Aristotle: Law of the Excluded Middle, X must either be in set A or in set not-A) • 模糊集:每个元素都以某种程度属于某个集合 • 模糊逻辑,模糊集,模糊数学,模糊系统 第九章 模糊模式识别

  4. 引言 • Soft computing: • fuzzy logic, neurocomputing, genetic algorithms • exploit the tolerance for imprecision, uncertainty, and partial truth • achieve tractability, robustness, and low solution cost. • Neuro-fuzzy system: fuzzy logic and neurocomputing, important in rule induction from observations. ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System) 第九章 模糊模式识别

  5. 9.2 模糊集的基本知识 • 隶属度函数(Membership Functions):表示一个对象x隶属于集合A的程度的函数,记作mA(x), 取值范围 [0, 1] • 模糊集: A={(mA(xi), xi)} • 模糊集A的支持集S(A) ={x, x∈ X, mA(x)>0} • 模糊集: 用数学形式表达人们的语言变量 第九章 模糊模式识别

  6. 常用的隶属度函数的形式 trapezoidal triangular gaussian generalized bell 第九章 模糊模式识别

  7. 模糊集运算 模糊集基础 • Fuzzy Logic: superset of standard Boolean Logic • 交:C=A∩B, mC(x)= min{mA(x), mB(x)} • 并:C=A∪B, mC(x)= max{mA(x), mB(x)} • 补:C=A’, mC(x)= 1-mA(x) 第九章 模糊模式识别

  8. 模糊集运算 模糊集基础 • standard truth tables 第九章 模糊模式识别

  9. 9.3 模糊特征和模糊分类 • 模糊特征:根据一定的的模糊化规则把原特征分成多个模糊变量,以表达原特征的某一局部特性(1-of-N编码) • 模糊特征的目的:更好地反映问题的本质,使分类结果与模糊特征间的关系简化,从而简化分类器的设计,提高分类器的性能 • 结果的模糊化: • 样本以不同的程度属于个类别 • 在分类结果中可以反映出分类过程的不确定性 • 易于组成多级分类器 第九章 模糊模式识别

  10. 9.4 模糊聚类方法(FCM) • 对样本集KN={xi}尚不知每个样本的类别,但可假设所有样本可分为c类,各类样本在特征空间依类聚集,且近似球形分布 • 用类内均值mi来代表聚类Ki • 样本对聚类Ki的隶属度函数mj(xi) • 聚类准则函数: 第九章 模糊模式识别

  11. FCM 第九章 模糊模式识别

  12. Fuzzy k-NN k-近邻法: 最近邻法的扩展,其基本规则是,在所有N个样本中找到与测试样本的k个最近邻者,其中各类别所占个数表示成ki, i=1,…,c。定义判别函数为:gi(x)=ki, i=1, 2,…,c。 决策规则为: 第九章 模糊模式识别

  13. Fuzzy k-NN 决策规则为: 第九章 模糊模式识别

  14. 9.5 Matlab模糊逻辑工具箱介绍 • Introduction • What Is Fuzzy Logic? Why Use Fuzzy Logic? • An Introductory Example: Fuzzy vs. Non-Fuzzy • Foundations of Fuzzy Logic • Fuzzy Inference Systems • Building Systems with the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox • Fuzzy C-Means Clustering 第九章 模糊模式识别

  15. An Introductory Example FLToolbox • Given two sets of numbers between 0 and 10 (where 10 is excellent) that respectively represent the quality of the service and the quality of the food at a restaurant, what should the tip be? 第九章 模糊模式识别

  16. Big Picture 第九章 模糊模式识别

  17. Fuzzy Inference • point of fuzzy logic is to map an input space to an output space, and the primary mechanism for doing this is a list of if-then statements called rules. • fuzzy inference is a method that interprets the values in the input vector and, based on some set of rules, assigns values to the output vector. 第九章 模糊模式识别

  18. 9.6 讨论 • Fuzzy set:Exploit the tolerance for imprecision, uncertainty, and partial truth to achieve tractability, robustness, and low solution cost • FIS: Fuzzy Inference System 第九章 模糊模式识别

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