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Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates . Monomer: Monosaccharides (one or single sugar) Elements found in it: C, H, and O Function: Serve as our main source of energy Examples: Monosaccharides : Glucose, Galactose, Fructose Disaccharides: Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose Polysaccharides: Glycogen, Starch, Cellulose

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Carbohydrates

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  1. Carbohydrates • Monomer: Monosaccharides (one or single sugar) • Elements found in it: C, H, and O • Function: Serve as our main source of energy • Examples: Monosaccharides: Glucose, Galactose, Fructose Disaccharides: Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose Polysaccharides: Glycogen, Starch, Cellulose • 3 other facts: a) have a 1:2:1 ratio b) Most of them end in –ose c) also known as sugars

  2. Lipids • Monomer: Fatty Acid and Glycerol • Elements found in it: C and H • Function: store energy • Examples: Phospholipids: 2 fatty acids joined to one glycerol Triglyceride: 3 fatty acids joined to one glycerol Wax: made of a long chain of fatty acids and glycerols 3 Other facts:a) saturated fats are solid at room temp.( bad for you) b) unsaturated fats are liquid at room temp. ( good for you ) c) cholesterol and steriods are examples of lipids

  3. Nucleic Acid • Monomer: Nucleotide • Elements found in it: C, H, N, P, and O • Function: store and send genetic information, make proteins • Types: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) ; Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) • Examples: DNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA • 3 Other facts:a) the sugar for DNA is deoxyribose b) three parts of a nucleotide are: sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base c) the sugar for RNA is ribose

  4. Protein • Monomer: Amino Acids • Elements found in it: C, H, N, and O • Function: a) Serve as antibodies to protect against diseases b) Help to transport substances through the body c) Serve as enzymes d) Form muscles, skin, hair, bone, ligaments, etc. • Examples: tyrosine, serine , alanine • 3 Other facts:a) most end in –ine b) enzymes are a type of protein c) The R group determines the type of amino acid

  5. Enzymes • Monomer: Amino Acids (most enzymes are proteins) • Function: Serve as catalyst to speed up chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy • Examples: amylase, maltase, lactase, sucrase • 3 other facts: a) most end in –aseb) enzymes are affected by pH change c) enzyme only work on specific substrates

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