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Black Hole Formation and Kicks

This research explores the formation of black holes (BHs) and the dynamics involved, particularly focusing on the mass relation between progenitor stars and BHs, as well as the impact of asymmetric birth kicks. We analyze observations of BH X-ray binaries, including GRO J1655-40, to gain insights into their kinematic histories and formation processes. Our findings raise important questions about the correlation between BH kicks and progenitor properties, and we discuss ongoing analyses of other BH systems, seeking to understand the nuances of black hole formation mechanisms.

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Black Hole Formation and Kicks

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  1. Black Hole Formation and Kicks Vicky Kalogera Physics & Astronomy Dept with Bart Willems Mike Henninger Todd Levin Natasha Ivanova and Chris Fryer (LANL) Frank Timmes (LANL)

  2. BH formation: some open questions … • What is the mass relation between progenitors and BHs ? • Are asymmetric birth kicks imparted to BHs ? • How do their magnitudes compare to NS kicks ? • Observed sample of BH X-ray binaries: • Growing in number • Exciting recent measurements of proper motion give us with radial velocity unique information on kinematic history (see F. Mirabel’s talk)

  3. primordial binary How do BH X-ray binaries form ? Common Envelope: orbital contraction and mass loss BH formation X-ray binary at Roche-lobe overflow courtesy Sky & Telescope Feb 2003 issue

  4. Use ALL observational constraints: Currently: donor position on the H-R diagram BH and donor masses *orbital period * 3-D center-of-mass velocity Calculations: 1. Identify MT sequences that satisfy H-R, masses, periodconstraints > obtain time of BH formation 2. Follow motion in the Galaxy > obtain post-collapse Vcm 3. Follow tidal evolution prior to XRB phase > obtain post-collapse A, e 4. Analyze collapse dynamics: constrainBH XRB progenitor and kick

  5. Example case: GRO J1655-40 Two sets of binary properties from: Beer & Podsiadlowski 2002 (BP) Greene, Bailyn, & Orosz 2001 (GBO) BH (Mo) Donor (Mo) SpT BP5.4+-0.3 1.45+-0.35 F5-G0 GBO 6.3+-0.5 2.4+-0.4 F6III Porb =2.62 d

  6. GRO J1655-40 (with BP parameters) Conservative MT: Sequences must satisfy constraints on current H-R position of the donor and …

  7. GRO J1655-40 Conservative MT: Sequences must satisfy constraints on current H-R position of the donor and …

  8. GRO J1655-40 … satisfy constraints on current BH and donor masses and most importantly orbital period BH chosen MT seq: 4.4Mo BH 2.4Mo donor 1.4d period donor time since BH formation: ~830Myr

  9. GRO J1655-40 :MT seq. that satisfy all constraints BP conservative BP non-conservative GBO conservative GBO non-conservative

  10. GRO J1655-40 :MT seq. that satisfy all constraints BH BP conservative BP non-conservative GBO conservative GBO non-conservative donor

  11. GRO J1655-40: Motion in the Galaxy (for BP conservative MT seq.) BH age ~ 830Myr ---> VPEC = 63-78 km/s

  12. GRO J1655-40 (for BP conservative MT seq.) VPEC, MBH, Mdonor, Aorb (or Porb), and e at BH formation constrain pre-collapse Aorb as well as the BH-progenitor mass and the possible BH kick magnitude

  13. GRO J1655-40 (for BP conservative MT seq.) MBH = 4.4 Mo from core-collapse hydro simulations: BH formation: delayed M0 >~ 6 Mo BH progenitor mass BH kick magnitude

  14. GRO J1655-40 conservative MT non-conservative MT BP GBO

  15. Conclusions on J1655-40: • BH progenitor in the range 4.5 - 14 Mo • BH kicks necessary; in the range of 30 - 200 km/s • delayed BH formation through fallback • Work in progress: • Analysis for XTE J1118-480 and Cyg X-1 is underway … • Are BH kicks correlated with either BH mass or • mass loss at BH formation ? • Comparison with NS systems Sco X-1, 4U1700-37, LS 5039 and more …

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