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COUNTRY REPORT

COLOMBIA. JICA. SPECIALLY OFFERED TRAINING COURSE IN “RISK ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS F.Y. 2001”. COUNTRY REPORT. By: Mrs. Alba Ruth ALEJO Cano Agronomic Engineer Msc. Environmental Engineer COLOMBIA - SOUTH AMERICA. COLOMBIA. JICA.

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COUNTRY REPORT

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  1. COLOMBIA JICA SPECIALLY OFFERED TRAINING COURSE IN“RISK ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS F.Y. 2001” COUNTRY REPORT By: Mrs. Alba Ruth ALEJO Cano Agronomic Engineer Msc. Environmental Engineer COLOMBIA - SOUTH AMERICA

  2. COLOMBIA JICA COUNTRY NAME: REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA CAPITAL CITY: Bogota D.C. AREA TOTAL: 1’138.910 Km2 CLIMA: Tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in higlands TERRAIN: Flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains ELEVATION:Lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m. EXTREMES Highest point: Pico Cristobal Colón 5.775 m. POPULATION: 40’349.388 (July 2001 st.) POPULATION GROWTH RATE: 1.64% (2001 st.) RELIGION: Roman Catholic 90% LANGUAJE: Spanish GOVERNMENT TYPE: Republic; executive branch dominantes government structure. ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS: 32 Departments ECONOMY REAL GROWTH: 3% (2000 st.) PER CAPITAL RATE: $ 6,2 million (362.150 yens)(2000 st.) CURRENCY: Colombian peso (COP) EXCHANGE RATES: COP per US dollar = 2.260 (2002) COP per yen = 17.12 (2002) FISCAL YEAR: Calendar year. GENERAL INFORMATION

  3. COLOMBIA JICA CURRENT STATUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • BEFORE • - National Institute of Renewable Natural Resources and the Environment- INDERENA. 1978 • AFTER(Starting from 1993) • - Ministry of Environment (MMA) Nation • - Regional Autonoma Corporation (CAR). Regional • - Environment Department (DAMA, DADIMA, DAGMA and AREA) Metropolis • - Environmental Management Departments • - Public and Private Universities Teaching pre-grade and post-grade related to environmental science and engineering

  4. COLOMBIA JICA MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS INCLUDING PESTICIDE RESIDUES • BY PESTICIDES • - DDT, metoxychlor, DDD, phenol, petrol refineries, petrochemical

  5. COLOMBIA JICA MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS INCLUDING PESTICIDE RESIDUES • BY MOBILE AND FIXED SOURCES • - Aerosol, • - Gas (SO2, NO2, NOx, CO, O3, • PM 10, HC)

  6. COLOMBIA JICA MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS INCLUDING PESTICIDE RESIDUES • BY INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC WASTES • - Colombia produces approximately 18.000 Tn/day of solid residues, distributed in this way: • - Bogotá 22% • - Medellín, Cali and Barranquilla 17% • - Population between 1 million and 200.000 hab 11% • - Population < 200.000 hab 50% • - Only 7 cities have sanitary refill with technical methods for processing the garbage. • - The others major cities buried or throw it to the rivers. • - Only 30% of the wastes total is recycled (glass, plastic, metal and papel)

  7. COLOMBIA JICA MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS INCLUDING PESTICIDE RESIDUES • BY ENERGETIC SECTOR • - Represented in increases of methanol concentration in the air, sulfuric acid emission, ashes production. Increasing of sulfuric acid in water streams, and spill of oil materials to the rivers. • - Crude oil in river basin to Llanos Orientales has shown heavy metals in their physico chemical analysis like vanadium and nickel.

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