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Chapter 9

Chapter 9. Social Stratification. Systems of Stratifications. Social Stratification- division of society into categories, ranks, or classes Race Gender Age Ancestor Physical appearance Money Talent

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Chapter 9

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  1. Chapter 9 Social Stratification

  2. Systems of Stratifications Social Stratification- division of society into categories, ranks, or classes Race Gender Age Ancestor Physical appearance Money Talent This leads to Social inequality- the unequal sharing of scarce resource and social rewards

  3. Types of Stratification Systems Open or closed system Open- you can move up in the classes (class system) Closed- movement between social classes is prohibited (caste system)

  4. Class System • Class system- the distribution of scare resources and rewards is determined on the basis or achieved statuses • Social classes in the terms of production • Bourgeoisie-the owners of the means of production in a capitalist society • Proletariat- the workers who sell their labor in exchange for wages • Property, Prestige, and Power also influence your social standing

  5. Wealth Wealth is made up of ones assets and income In the US wealth is concentrated overwhelmingly in the hands of a small minority of the population Income is distributed unequally in the US Top 1/5 of income workers make 50% of the total income in the US Average corporate executive make 419 time more than an average production worker

  6. Power Power- is the ability to control the behaviors of other with or without their consent People with substantial amounts of wealth generally have a lot of power

  7. Prestige Individuals can be ranked in society according to prestige- the respect, honor, recognition, or courtesy an individual receives from other members in society In the US occupation tends to be the main determinant of prestige Socioeconomic status- ranking of people according to wealth, power, and prestige. This is a rating that combines social factors education level, occupational prestige, and place of residence with the economic factor of income

  8. Social Classes in the US

  9. Social Mobility The US has an open class system were social mobility is possible Horizontal mobility- Moving from one job to another or equal social ranking Vertical mobility- Moving from one social class or job that is either higher or lower than your pervious one Intergenerational mobility- status difference between generations in the same family

  10. Defining Poverty in the US Poverty level- The US Bureau of the Census define poverty in terms of the minimum annual income needed by a family to survive. The minimum income is called the poverty level Poverty Level is determined by calculating the cost of adequate diet times three. Each year the poverty level is adjusted 2014- Poverty Level 1 $11,670 2 15,730 3 19,790 4 23,850 5 27,910 6 31,970 7 36,030 8 40,090

  11. Percentage of Population Below the Poverty Level Based on Selected Characteristics

  12. Effect of Poverty • Life Chances- Sociologist mean the likelihood that individuals have of sharing in the opportunities and benefits of society • Life chances vary by social classes • The lower the social class the lower the life chances • An important life chance is health • Poor people have shorter life expectancy than other in society

  13. Government Response to Poverty • 1964- Lyndon B Johnson declared a war on poverty • Since then the US gov’t has taken an active role to improve the lives of the poorest • 31 million Americans still live below the poverty line • Medicare, Social security benefits, welfare • Gov’t attempts to reduce inequality through various social-welfare programs-either transfer payments or gov’t subsides • Transfer payment- redistribute money among various sections of society. Takes a percentage of money through taxes and funneling it to groups the need assistance • Government subsides- gives food and services rather than money

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