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Macromolecules

MACROMOLECULES. Macromolecules. Macromolecular Structure. Monomer Single molecule used as building block Assembles polymers via condensation (dehydration synthesis). Condensation H and OH are removed Monomers bond. H. H. H. C. O. H. H. C. O. H. H. H. Macromolecular Structure.

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Macromolecules

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  1. MACROMOLECULES Macromolecules

  2. Macromolecular Structure • Monomer • Single molecule used as building block • Assembles polymers via condensation (dehydration synthesis) • Condensation • H and OH are removed • Monomers bond H H H C O H H C O H H H

  3. Macromolecular Structure • Polymer • Breaks down into smaller polymers or monomers via hydrolysis • Hydrolysis • Molecules separate • Water lyses and occupies open bonds H H H C C O H H H H O H

  4. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates

  5. Monosaccharides • Carbohydrate monomers • (CH2O)n • Why we care... • Primary energy source of heterotrophs • Raw materials for making other macromolecules

  6. Polysaccharides • Monosaccharide condensation via glycosidic linkage • Identity depends on… • Monomers and glycosidic linkage angle (3-D shape)

  7. Polysaccharides • Starch • Glycogen • Cellulose • Chitin

  8. Lipids LIPIDS

  9. Carboxyl Hydroxyl Triglycerides (triacylgycerols) • Glycerol + 3 Fatty acids

  10. Fatty Acids • Unsaturated • C=C bonds • Less than maximum H’s • Plant and fish oils • Liquid at room temp • Saturated • Maximum H’s • No C=C bonds • Animal fats • Solid at room temp

  11. Triglycerides (and variants)(triacylgycerols) • Cell membranes • Oils used in plant seeds • Adipose tissue

  12. Cholesterol Steroids • Lipids comprised of four fused carbon rings • Vary in functional groups attached to rings

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