Early Years of the War

1. Early Years of the War Section 2 Chapter 16

2. First Battle of Bull Run • First Major Battle of the Civil War • Manassas Va., July 21, 1861 • Union Gen. Irwin McDowell attacks Confederate forces led by P.G.T. Beauregard • Reinforcements under Confederate Gen. Stonewall Jackson defeat Union soldiers • South Wins • Located in Northern Virginia

3. First Battle of Bull Run • A Shock for the North—began to realize that this would be a longer harder war • Lincoln appoints George B. McClellan to head the Union army of the East • Army of the Potomac

5. War at Sea • Abraham Lincoln orders a blockade of Southern ports. • Prevented the South from exporting cotton and importing war supplies • South challenged the blockade by using blockade runners • Blockade reduced trade by two-thirds

6. War at Sea • Monitor vs. Merrimack • Confederate forces covered the Merrimack with Iron plates and attacked Union ships. • March 9th 1862 Union Iron Ship the Monitor meets the Merrimack (renamed—Virginia) • Neither ship could be destroyed—marked a new era in naval warfare.

8. War in the West • North's first strategic goal in the West was to gain control of the Mississippi and Tennessee River. • Union launched operations from Cairo, Illinois under the command of Ulysses S. Grant. • Union forces capture Confederate Forts Henry and Donnellson—Feb. 6 1862 • Grant had many victories and was famous for his “unconditional surrenders”

10. The Battle of Shiloh • Corinth, Mississippi was the location of the Battle of Shiloh. • The battle lasted 2 days—April 6th and 7th 1862 • Some of the bloodiest fighting of the war • First day Confederates drive Grant back • 2nd day reinforcements come and Union gains ground • Grant and the North are victorious • More the 20,000 causalities

12. New Orleans Falls • Union naval forces under the command of David Farragut capture New Orleans • April 25, 1862 • Confederates could no longer use Mississippi River to carry its goods to sea • Union forces control Mississippi River

14. War in the East • George McClellan’s goal in March of 1862 was to capture Richmond Va. • McClellan begins the Peninsular Campaign-major offensive operation against Richmond Va. • Moves troops by ship to Richmond • McClellan delays attack—fails to capture Richmond

15. War in the East • McClellan finally meets Confederates at the 7 Days Battles • Lee Commands Confederate forces • Delays allow South to prepare their defense of Richmond. • Confederate cavalry leader J.E.B. Stuart leads his men in a circle around the Union army to gather tactical information • Lee drives McClellan’s Union forces back to James River—defeating McClellan

16. Gloom in the North • Northerners had little hope • Call for 300,000 more volunteers—little respond • Lincoln orders McClellan to join troops led by Major Gen. John Pope • Stonewall Jackson’s troops attack a Union supply base at Manassas • Union Gen. John Pope meets Confederate Gen. Stonewall Jackson at the 2nd Battle of Bull Run—August 29, 1862 • Confederates win battle—only 20 miles from Washington D.C.

18. The Battle of Antietam • Jefferson Davis orders Lee to launch an offensive into Maryland • The Union forces find a copy of Lee’s orders in a field near Frederick, Md. • September 17, 1862 becomes the bloodiest day of the War—Battle of Antietam • Union troops claims victory • McClellan refuses to chase Lee into Virginia—Lincoln fires McClellan and replaces him with Burnside