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Early Years of the War (13.2)

Early Years of the War (13.2). 1861 A. Jul 21: First Battle of Bull Run. Manassas, VA. Eastern Theater. Confederate Headquarters at Bull Run: home of Wilmer McClean. first major battle of Civil War. Union attacked Confederates near Manassas, VA

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Early Years of the War (13.2)

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  1. Early Years of the War (13.2) • 1861 • A. Jul 21: First Battle of Bull Run

  2. Manassas, VA

  3. Eastern Theater

  4. Confederate Headquarters at Bull Run: home of Wilmer McClean

  5. first major battle of Civil War

  6. Union attacked Confederates near Manassas, VA • Confederates led by “Stonewall” Jackson arrived with reinforcements • Southerners won, Union troops fled

  7. Shock for the North • Union panic!! Lincoln called for 1 million volunteers • George B. McClellan: leader of Union army (Army of the Potomac) • Robert E. Lee: leader of Confederate army (Army of Northern Virginia)

  8. Sullivan Ballou

  9. William Wallace Lincoln

  10. 1862 • Ironclads

  11. South captured Union ship Merrimack – rebuilt with iron plates (renamed CSS Virginia)

  12. Mar 1862: Merrimack attacked, damaged 5 Union ships

  13. Union had own ironclad: Monitor

  14. John Ericsson

  15. Mar 8: Monitor attacked Merrimack – Battle of Hampton Roads

  16. neither ship would sink – battle was a draw

  17. Western Theater (1862)

  18. The War in the West • Union control of Miss. River would split South 2. Ulysses S. Grant placed in command of Union army in West

  19. Ulysses S. Grant

  20. C. Apr 6-7, 1862: Battle of Shiloh • Apr 6: Confederates attacked – Union army retreated

  21. Union reinforcements arrived during night

  22. 3. Apr 7: Grant counter-attacked, Confederates retreated

  23. 2477 dead; 23 thou + wounded

  24. Eastern Theater (1862)

  25. The Peninsula • May 1862: McClellan to attack Richmond – but delayed

  26. over Seven Days, with smaller army, Lee attacked McClellan, drove Union army from Richmond • McClellan fired

  27. E. Aug 1862: Second Battle of Bull Run • Lincoln replaced McClellan with John Pope – ordered to attack Richmond • armies met at site of First Bull Run • Lee and Jackson defeated Pope • Pope fired, McClellan back in charge of Army of Potomac

  28. F. Sept 17, 1862: Battle of Antietam • Lee invaded North – could attack Washington DC, Balt. • South could persuade Britain and France to join war • Confederates in poor condition (hunger, exhaustion) • armies met at Antietam Creek, near Sharpsburg MD

  29. Bridge Over Antietam Creek (Burnside Bridge)

  30. Bloody Lane

  31. 5. bloodiest day in US history (23 thou killed/wounded) • 6. Lee forced to retreat, invasion of North over

  32. Matthew Brady at Antietam

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