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Intercultural Miscommunication

Intercultural Miscommunication. By Stefan A. Ciancio. Introduction. Different types of cultural miscommunication Religion Upbringing Social Class Gender Causes of miscommunication Stereotypes Ignorance Human Nature. Literature Review. Individualism/Collectivism [ Gudykunst (2003) ].

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Intercultural Miscommunication

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  1. Intercultural Miscommunication By Stefan A. Ciancio

  2. Introduction • Different types of cultural miscommunication • Religion • Upbringing • Social Class • Gender • Causes of miscommunication • Stereotypes • Ignorance • Human Nature

  3. Literature Review

  4. Individualism/Collectivism [Gudykunst (2003) ] • Individualism • Think/judge independently • Collectivism • Group mentality • Horizontal and Vertical cultures • Same idea as individualism/collectivism • Vertical  Individualism • Horizontal  Collectivism

  5. Personality in Miscommunication [Tannen (1983) ] • “Rules” in cultures • When to talk, how often • What to say • More talkative people • Considered pushy by quieter people • EX. New Yorkers considered pushy • Different ideas of what is acceptable • Greek man complimenting his own dinner • Just being prideful

  6. Beyond Language Understanding[Johnstone (1989)] • Egyptian students taking English class • Assignment to complete essay • Wrote essay, missing requirements • Intro, hook, etc. • Understood assignment, not requirements on how to complete it • Counselors in Washington • Help young Arabs placement into American universities • Arabs rude to women • Language communication was fine • Reason: • Different view on women working in Arab culture

  7. Gender [Maltz and Borker(2007)] • Across cultures • Women • More talkative • Ask more questions • Make use of positive minimal responses • Men • Challenging • Likely to interrupt • Ignore other sex in conversation

  8. Media in Society [Henley and Kramarae (2001) ] • Literature • Magazines, books, pamphlets • Verbal • TV shows, movies, day to day interaction • Non-verbal • Facial expressions, gestures, bodily expressions • Body language influences how you will be treated • Gender • Media influences how genders should act

  9. Range of Miscommunication Bennett (1998) • High level abstraction • Interaction between two cultures, i.e. American descent and Mexican descent • General/broad culture patterns • Low level abstraction • Sub groups within one culture • Similar culture patterns, different lifestyle • Age groups, ethnic groups, social class • Stereotypes • Positive and negative • False sense of understanding between communication partners

  10. Research Questions

  11. Questions • What are the main types of miscommunication? • What role does individuality play? • How has miscommunication changed over time? • Can miscommunication be put into a heirarchy?

  12. Discussion • Different types of miscommunication • High and low level • Both have issues • Gender • Across cultures or within one culture • Individuality • Stereotype for some cultures or people • Vertical culture ideal • Not favored  Horizontal culture

  13. Discussion (cntd) • History • Death as a consequence of not converting views • Still an issue today • Wars, terrorism • Some steps in right direction • America- melting pot • Cross cultural awareness • Groups exist, being formed

  14. Conclusion • Miscommunication still big issue • Cultures evolve over time • So does miscommunication • Occurs both inside and out of cultures • Similarities between cross cultural and in culture • Media-big influence • Gender miscommunication • Differences • Methods of education

  15. References Maltz, Daniel N., and Ruth A. Borker. (2007) Sarangi, Srikant. (1994) Gudykunst, William B. (2003) Tannen, Deborah. (1983) Barbara Johnstone. (1989) Henley, Nancy M., and CherisKramarae. Bennett, Milton, J. (1998).

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