FOREST RESOURCE

1. FOREST RESOURCE

2. SUBMITTED TO SVIT,VASAD • SUBMITTED BY- 13BEITG096- Nagmashaikh • 13BEITG097-Riddhi parikh • 13BEITG099-Geet • 13BEITG101-Shreya parmar • 13BEITG102-Avruti

3. INTRODUCTION • A forest, also referred to as a wood or the woods, is an area with a high density of trees. • As with cities, depending on various cultural definitions, what is considered a forest may vary significantly in size and have different classifications according to how and of what the forest is composed.. • A forest is usually an area filled with trees but any tall densely packed area of vegetation may be considered a forest, even underwater vegetation such as kelp forests, or non-vegetation such as fungi,[andbacteria. • Tree forests cover approximately 9.4 percent of the Earth's surface (or 30 percent of total land area), though they once covered much more (about 50 percent of total land area). • They function as habitats for organisms,hydrologic flowmodulators, and soil conservers, constituting one of the most important aspects of thebiosphere.

4. DEFORESTATION • Deforestation, clearance or clearingis the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use. • Examples of deforestation include conversion of forestland • Deforestation occurs for many reasons: trees are cut down to be used or sold as fuel (sometimes in the form of charcoal) or timber, while cleared land is used as pasture for livestock, plantations of commodities and settlements. • The removal of trees without sufficient reforestation has resulted in damage to habitat, biodiversity loss and aridity. • It has adverse impacts on biosequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Deforestation has also been used in war to deprive an enemy of cover for its forces and also vital resources. • A modern example of this was the use of Agent Orange by the United States military in Vietnam during the Vietnam War. • Deforested regions typically incur significant adverse soil erosion and frequently degrade into wasteland. farms, ranches, or urban use.

5. DEFORESTATION

6. TYPES OF FOREST • Moist tropical forest • Dry tropical forest • Montane subtropical forest • Montane temperate forest • Sub alpine forests • Alpine scrubs

7. AFFORESTATION • Afforestation is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees in an area where there was no forest. • Many governments and non-governmental organizations directly engage in programs of afforestation to create forests, increase carbon captureandsequestration, and help to anthropogenically improve biodiversity. (In the UK, afforestation may mean converting the legal status of some land to "royal forest".) • Special tools, e.g. tree planting bar, are used to make planting of trees easier and faster.

8. AFFORESTATION

9. REFORESTATION • Reforestation is the natural or intentional restocking of existing forests and woodlands that have been depleted, usually through deforestation. • Reforestation can be used to improve the quality of human life by soaking up pollution and dust from the air, rebuild natural habitats and ecosystems, mitigateglobal warming since forests facilitatebiosequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and harvest for resources, particularly timber. • Reforestation of large areas can be done through the use of measuring rope (for accurate plant spacing) and dibbers, (or wheeled augers for planting the larger trees) for making the hole in which a seedling or plant can be inserted. Indigenous soil inoculants • (e.g.,Laccaria bicolor) can optionally be used to increase survival rates in hardy environments.[2]

10. A 15-year-old reforested plot of land

11. INDIAN SCENARIO • NTFP based forest management provides a mechanism for creating incentives for the forest conservation itself: the argument here is that the rural community will be less inclined to destroy the resource base if they are able to derive more benefits from forest conservation. • The term Non Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) appears to have been coined, for the first time, by De beer and Macdermott (1989). • Until about a decade and half and word ‘Minor Forest Products’ were perceived providing only an insignificant portion of the household income of forest fringe dwellers. • State Forest Departments (SFDs) often considered them of ‘Minor’ economic significance primarily on account of their insignificant revenue contribution as compared to timber. • In 1990s when the adverse impacts of timber logging became a subject of intense debate NTFPs became an alternative source of income to forest dwellers.

12. Importance of Forests • Forests and biodiversity is key to all life forms. • The richer the diversity of life, the greater the opportunity for medical discoveries, economic development and adaptive responses to such new challenges as climate change. Forests serve as a watershed. • This is because almost all water ultimately comes from rivers and lakes and from forest-derived water tables. • Some rivers running through forests are also kept cool and from drying out.  • Over two-thirds of all the fresh water found on Earth is in the Amazon Basin's rivers, streams, and tributaries." - RainTreeForests serve as a home (habitat) to millions of animals. • Think of the many types of reptiles (snakes and lizards) wild animals, butterflies and insects, birds and tree-top animals as well as all those that live in the forest streams and rivers. Animals form part of the food chain in the forests.

13. Importance of Forests • All these different animals and plants are called biodiversity, and the interaction with one another and with their physical environment is what we call ecosystem. • Healthy ecosystems can better withstand and recover from a variety of disasters such asfloods and wildfires.Forests are of immense economic importance to us. • For example, plantation forests provide humans with timber and wood, which is exported and used in all parts of the world. • They also provide tourism income to inhabitants (people living in or close to forests) when people visit to see the best of nature.  • Climate control and atmosphere purification is key for human existence. T • reesand soils help regulate atmospheric temperatures through a process called evapotranspiration. • This helps to stabilize the climate. Additionally, they enrich the atmosphere by absorbing bad gases (example CO2 and other greenhouse gases) and producing oxygen. • Trees also helps to remove air pollutants.

15. Tropical rainforest • A tropical rainforest is an ecosystem type that occurs roughly within the latitudes 28 degrees north or south of the equator (in the equatorial zone between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn). • This ecosystem experiences high average temperatures and a significant amount of rainfall. Rainforests can be found inAsia, Australia, Africa, South America, Central America, Mexicoand on many of the Pacific,Caribbean, and Indian Ocean islands. • Within the World Wildlife Fund's biome classification, tropical rainforests are thought to be a type of tropical wet forest (or tropical moist broadleaf forest) and may also be referred to as lowland equatorial evergreen rainforest.[3]

16. Tropical rainforest

17. Temperate forest • Temperate forests correspond to forest concentrations formed in the northern and southern hemisphere, or in temperate regions. • Main characteristics include: wide leaves, large and tall trees and non seasonal vegetation. • Temperate forests can be further distinguished by weatherpatterns and geographical features that favor the predominance of certain kinds of trees. • Intemperate coniferous forests, evergreen conifers predominate, while in temperate broadleaf and mixed forests, a more even distribution exists between evergreen and deciduous trees. • Temperate deciduous forests, a subgroup of temperate broadleaf forests, consist of trees that lose their leaves every year. • Finally, temperate rainforests typically have heavy rainfall and dense humidity.

18. Temperate forest

19. Conclusion:hence we studied that forest resourses are very necessary to sustain healthy life