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Matter and Atoms

Matter and Atoms. Earth Science Chapter 5. What is Matter?. Examples Non-Examples. Matter. Anything that has mass and volume Is composed of atoms (except dark matter). Mass : the amount of material in an object or substance

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Matter and Atoms

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  1. Matter and Atoms Earth Science Chapter 5

  2. What is Matter? Examples Non-Examples

  3. Matter • Anything that has mass and volume • Is composed of atoms (except dark matter)

  4. Mass: the amount of material in an object or substance • Volume: the amount of space taken up by an object or substance

  5. Mass does not equal Weight • Weight is the measure of the force of gravity acting on an object

  6. Element • Any material that is composed of only one type of atom • It cannot be broken into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means

  7. Structure of an Atom • Protons • Neutrons • Electrons Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus - the center of the atom

  8. ATOMIC STRUCTURE Particle Charge Mass proton + charge 1 neutron No charge 1 electron - charge

  9. HELIUM ATOM proton N + - + N - neutron electron

  10. ATOMIC STRUCTURE 2 Atomic Number He • the number of protons in an atom 4.003 Atomic Mass • the average number of protons and neutrons in an atom number of electrons = number of protons

  11. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are found in: • Helium: • Carbon: • Sodium:

  12. ATOMIC STRUCTURE Electrons are arranged in Energy Levels or Shells around the nucleus of an atom. • As the number of electrons increase, the number of energy level increases • Each level can only hold a specific number of electrons

  13. Isotopes • Elements that have different masses • Same number of protons but different number of neutrons

  14. How many protons, electrons, neutrons does an element of carbon have with a mass number of 14?

  15. Bonding of Atoms Most substances on Earth are not pure elements but compounds.

  16. Bonding of Atoms Most substances on Earth are not pure elements but compounds. Compound : a substance that contains atoms of two or more elements that are chemically combined.

  17. Compound Examples • Water = Hydrogen + Oxygen • Salt = Sodium + Chlorine • Sugar = Carbon + Hydrogen + Oxygen

  18. Atoms are most stable when their outmost energy level is filled with electrons

  19. Atoms are most stable when their outmost energy level is filled with electrons They become stable by gaining, losing or sharing electrons with other atoms This forms chemical bonds

  20. What holds Compounds Together? Chemical Bonds • Covalent • Ionic • Metallic

  21. Covalent Bond • Atoms share electrons • Atoms held together by covalent bonds form a molecule

  22. Ionic Bonds Electrical attraction between atoms that have lost or gained electrons. • Atom gains an electron = negative charge • Atom loses an electron = positive charge

  23. Metallic Bonds Atoms exist as positively charged ions Electrons move freely around all of the ions

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