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!Complete Table of Contents! BELLWORK: Fill the box

!Complete Table of Contents! BELLWORK: Fill the box BOX #1 : Read the article about Zircon and tell me: 1) What you learned 2) Why is it important? YOU MUST FILL THE ENTIRE BOX. “ The present is the key to the past.” -James Hutton. MINERAL DISCOVERY

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!Complete Table of Contents! BELLWORK: Fill the box

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  1. !Complete Table of Contents! BELLWORK: Fill the box BOX #1 :Read the article about Zircon and tell me: 1) What you learned 2) Why is it important? YOU MUST FILL THE ENTIRE BOX

  2. “The present is the key to the past.” -James Hutton

  3. MINERAL DISCOVERY Each specimen matches a number in the tin--- Don’t switch them!

  4. ALL ANSWERS REQUIRED What color is it? Can you see through it? How heavy is it? What shape is it? Where do you think it came from? 1 sentence How do you think it formed? 1 sentence

  5. North Carolina Minerals • Olivine • (Plagioclase) Feldspar • Quartz • (Biotite) Mica

  6. Earth’s Energy Sources 1. The Sun 2. Earth’s Core

  7. After the BIG BANG Crust Inner Core Outer Core Upper Mantle Lower Mantle

  8. UPPER MANTLE: • Lithosphere – the crust & rigid upper mantle • Asthenosphere – the molten (melted) upper mantle Geosphere Lithosphere Asthenosphere

  9. Lava vs. Magma Magma: liquid, molten material underground in the core and mantle Lava: magma that reaches the surface of the lithosphere

  10. Mineral Definition: • Naturally occurring • Solid • Orderly crystal structure • Definite chemical composition 5. Inorganic

  11. How Minerals Form(4 Major Processes) • Crystallization from Magma • Precipitation (evaporated H2O) • High Pressure & Temperature • Hydrothermal (hot water) Solutions

  12. Mineral vs. Non-Mineral • Iron • Steel

  13. Mineral vs. Non-Mineral • Water • Diamond

  14. Mineral vs. Non-Mineral • Seashell • Table Salt

  15. Birthstones • January- Garnet Aug- Peridot • Feb- Amethyst Sep- Sapphire • Mar- Aquamarine Oct- Opal • Apr- Diamond Nov-Topaz • May- Emerald Dec- Zircon • June- Pearl • July- Ruby

  16. Birthstone Info Find out the mineral name for your birthstone and answer the following questions: What is the mineral name? How does it form? What elements does it contain? Sketch a picture What part of the world is found in?

  17. Birthstone Minerals • January- Garnet Aug- Olivine • Feb- Quartz Sep- Corundum • Mar- Beryl Oct- Opal • Apr- Diamond Nov-Topaz • May- Beryl Dec- Zircon • June- Pearl • July- Corundum

  18. BRAIN POP!End of Minerals

  19. Read pages:68 and 76What is the difference between weathering and erosion?

  20. Bellwork: Box #2 **Silently Read pages 68 and 76 Answer the following questions! 1.What is the difference between Weathering & Erosion? 2. What is the difference between compaction & cementation?

  21. “Let us therefore open the book of Nature and read in her records…” James Hutton, Theory of the Earth 1788

  22. ESI:Earth Science Investigation Content Area: Science

  23. ROCKS! • 1. Obsidian • 2. Slate • 3. Granite (NC State Rock!) • 4. Sandstone

  24. Scientific Controversy • Prior to the 1700’s: • Society believed :All rocks formed from water and chemical precipitation Most people thought granite crystallized from an ancient sea.

  25. James Hutton: The Father of Modern Geology Proposed a new idea…

  26. Hutton found clues that granite was once molten magma. There are places where the melted granite flowed into the surrounding rock. Can rocks melt?!!! Where are the clues? Hutton’s fieldwork showed that granite had once been molten.

  27. Scientific Controversy • NEW VIEW • All rocks originate from fire • Volcanoes release internal pressure from the interior of the earth and form rocks underground

  28. Plutonist Neptunist vs. An Earth from Fire An Earth from Water • Plutonism

  29. Acceptance of Topic • 1830 – ACCEPTANCE Charles Lyell published, “Principles of Geology “ Scientific revolution led to thewidespread acceptance of the once- radical concept that the earth was constantly changing.

  30. Explain how processes and forces affect the lithosphere. Topic: The Rock Cycle

  31. James Hutton= Rock Cycle Contribution= Rock Cycle

  32. Rocks • Solid material made of a mixture of naturally occurring minerals • Grouped into 3 main types, based on how they formed Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

  33. Intrusive rocks: formed deep within Earth Magma “intrudes” into existing rock Extrusive rocks: formed from lava at Earth’s surface Lava cools quickly in air 1. Igneous Processes

  34. 2. Sedimentary Processes • Weathering:Existing rocks are broken down by chemical or physical means to create sediments. • Erosion: sediments are removed by wind, water, ice, or gravity. • Deposition: erosion energy becomes too weak to carry the sediments and they are “dropped”. • Compaction: Pressure placed in sediment layers cause them to change to rocks. • Cementation: sediments are joined together (cemented) by minerals dissolved in water. • Strata :Layers of sediments go through the process and a rock forms over time.

  35. 3. Metamorphic Processes Metamorphism: • Changing of one type of rock in to another due to - • Tremendous heat • Great pressure • Chemical reactions ( a change in composition of minerals)

  36. The Rock Cycle The continuous PROCESSES that cause rocks to change over time.

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