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“MAKE’EM PAY!”

TREATY OF VERSAILLES. BEGAN ON 12 JANUARY 1919 AND ENDED 20 JANUARY 1920 FIVE MAJOR POWERS REPRESENTED: FRANCE BRITAIN UNITED STATES ITALY JAPAN. “MAKE’EM PAY!”. MAIN POINTS RESOLVED:. POLISH CITY OF DANZIG WAS TO BECOME A FREE CITY

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“MAKE’EM PAY!”

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  1. TREATY OF VERSAILLES BEGAN ON 12 JANUARY 1919 AND ENDED 20 JANUARY 1920 FIVE MAJOR POWERS REPRESENTED: FRANCE BRITAIN UNITED STATES ITALY JAPAN “MAKE’EM PAY!”

  2. MAIN POINTS RESOLVED: • POLISH CITY OF DANZIG WAS TO BECOME A FREE CITY • GERMANY TO PAY $56,500,000,000 IN WAR REPARATIONS • THE PROVINCES OF ALSACE-LORRAINE TO BE RETURNED TO FRANCE • GERMANY TO SURRENDER ALL OF HER COLONIES TO THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS AS MANDATES • OCCUPATION AND SPECIAL STATUS FOR THE SAAR REGION OF GERMANY UNDER FRENCH CONTROL

  3. “CONTINUED” • DEMILITARIZATION AND A 15 YEAR OCCUPATION OF THE GERMAN RHINELAND • A BAN ON THE UNION OF GERMANY AND AUSTRIA • FORCED GERMANY TO ADMIT GUILT FOR STARTING THE WAR • LIMITATION OF GERMANY’S ARMY TO 100,000 MEN, NO CONSCRIPTION, NO TANKS, NO HEAVY ARTILLERY, NO POISON GAS SUPPLIES, NO AIRCRAFT AND NO AIRSHIPS • LIMITED THE GERMAN NAVY TO SHIPS UNDER 100,000 TONS AND NO SUBMARINES

  4. . THE UNITED STATES REFUSED TO RATIFY THE TREATY BECAUSE IT WAS SO HARSH

  5. President Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points • I. Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view. • II. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants.

  6. III. The removal, so far as possible, of all economic barriers and the establishment of an equality of trade conditions among all the nations consenting to the peace and associating themselves for its maintenance. • IV. Adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments will be reduced to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety.

  7. “CONTINUED” • V. A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable claims of the government whose title is to be determined. • VI. The evacuation of all Russian territory and such a settlement of all questions affecting Russia as will secure the best and freest cooperation of the other nations of the world in obtaining for her an unhampered and unembarrassed opportunity for the independent determination of her own political development …

  8. “CONTINUED” • VII. Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be evacuated and restored, without any attempt to limit the sovereignty which she enjoys in common with all other free nations. • VIII. All French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored, and the wrong done to France by Prussia in 1871 in the matter of Alsace-Lorraine, …

  9. “CONTINUED” • XII. The turkish portion of the present Ottoman Empire should be assured a secure sovereignty, but the other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule should be assured an undoubted security of life and an absolutely unmolested opportunity of autonomous development, and the Dardanelles should be permanently opened as a free passage to the ships and commerce of all nations under international guarantees.

  10. “CONTINUED” • XIII. An independent Polish state should be erected which should include the territories inhabited by indisputably Polish populations, which should be assured a free and secure access to the sea, and whose political and economic independence and territorial integrity should be guaranteed by international covenant.

  11. “CONTINUED” • XIV. A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.

  12. UNITED STATES REJECTION OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS • POLITICAL JEALOUSY AROUSED BY WILSON’S REFUSAL TO CONSULT REPUBLICAN SENATORS IN DRAFTING THE TREATY • LIBERALS’ DISLIKE OF THE TREATY’S FEATURES • OPPOSITION OF RACIAL GROUPS – GERMAN / AMERICANS; ITALIAN / AMERICANS; WHO RESENTED THE WAY THEIR COUNTRIES WERE TREATED • FEAR THAT THE LEAGUE WOULD INVOLVE THE UNITED STATES IN EUROPEAN TROUBLES

  13. THE SECRET AGREEMENTS • LAWRENCE OF ARABIA AND THE ARAB REVOLT 1916 • PROMISE OF ARAB INDEPENDENCE IN THE MIDDLE EAST FOR SUPPORT AGAINST THE TURKS

  14. THE SECRET AGREEMENTS • SYKES – PICOT AGREEMENT 1916 • FRENCH DIRECT CONTROL OF AREAS FOR THE SOON TO BE CREATED COUNTRIES OF SYRIA AND LEBANON • BRITISH DIRECT CONTROL OF AREAS SOON TO BECOME TRANS-JORDAN AND IRAQ • THE AREA OF PALESTINE WILL BE JOINTLY CONTROLLED

  15. THE SECRET AGREEMENTS • BALFOUR DECLARATION 1917 • FRENCH GIVE UP CONTROL OF PALESTINE • BRITISH PROMISE TO ASSIST TO BUILD A JEWISH NATIONAL HOME IN PALESTINE • “CIVIL AND RELIGIOUS RIGHTS OF THE NON-JEWISH POPULATION SHOULD BE PROTECTED”

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