LG: How Does DNA Make Protein?

1. LG: How Does DNA Make Protein? Do Now: (3/14) • List 2 things you learned about DNA. 2. Draw a nucleotide and label all 3 components. 3. Complete the following replication: DNA: ATAACTAGGC ________________

2. DNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid Shaped like aDouble helix or spiral staircase GENE (unit of hereditary material) sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a protein Genes are found on Chromosomes

3. Largest to Smallest: Cell > Nucleus > Chromosome > DNA > Genes > Bases

4. STRUCTURE of DNA Consists of NUCLEOTIDES Nucleotides have three parts DEOXYRIBOSE(sugar) PHOSPHATE GROUP NITROGENOUS BASE

7. Nitrogenous Bases: GUANINE (G) CYTOSINE (C) ADENINE (A) THYMINE (T) The Nucleotides vary according to the bases they contain

8. DNA Base Pairs Aalways bonds withT “Alex Trebek” Galways bonds withC “Global Commerce” The bases are arranged in pairs

10. FUNCTION of DNA1. REPLICATION The DNA must REPLICATE The molecule UNZIPSand each half becomes a template (pattern) for a new molecule. The new molecule is built by attaching the base pairs

11. DNA Replication Mechanism • http://www.dnatube.com/video/335/Animated-DNA-Replication • http://www.wiley.com/college/pratt/0471393878/instructor/animations/dna_replication/index.html • http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire9e/default.asp#542578__591107__

12. Replication Overview

13. LG: How Does DNA Make Protein? Do Now: • List 2 things you learned about DNA. 2. Draw a nucleotide and label all 3 components. 3. Complete the following replication: DNA: ATAACTAGGC ________________

14. Replication Mechanism (3steps) Step 1: Enzyme Helicase unwinds the two strands of DNA.

15. Replication Mechanism(3steps) Step 2: nucleotides must be added in the correct order to create a complementary strand (*A-T, G-C)

16. Replication Mechanism(3steps) Step 3: new strand must be sealed up by enzyme Ligase

17. Mechanisms of DNA replication

18. How does DNA replicate?

19. DNA replication

20. DNA replication enzymes

22. Review

23. Why DNA Replication? Mitosis: asexual reproduction Results in 2 identical daughter cells With the same amount of DNA

24. RNA RibonucleicAcid RNA is a single strandwhile DNA is a double strand Three types of RNA MESSENGER (mRNA) TRANSFER(tRNA) RIBOSOMAL(rRNA)

25. The sequence of bases forms a coded message. • Every 3 bases are called a Base Triplet or CODON. • Each codon is the message for a specific amino acid

26. RNA Base Pairs RNA contains the base Uracil (U) instead of Thymine. A pairs with Uinstead of T

29. DNA RNA

30. Comparing DNA and RNA

31. LG: How Does DNA Make Protein? • Do Now (3/14)-section 2 • List 3 things you’ve learned about RNA. • Transcribe the following DNA sequence. DNA: TAGATCCGATCA RNA: _________________

33. Transcription and Translation • http://www.yourgenome.org/teachers/dnaprotein.shtml Transcribe the following sequence: DNA: GCTACTACCGAT mRNA: _______________________

34. reading the DNA code in order to assemble amino acids to build a protein PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

35. What are proteins? Proteins are made of long chains of amino acids. There are 20 different types of amino acid from which to make proteins. protein molecule 1 amino acids What happens if the amino acids are in a different order? protein molecule 2 Different combinations of amino acids make different proteins.

36. The DNA sequence determines the shape of the protein The shape determines the function of the protein

37. Making proteins Genes don’t actually make proteins – they just contain the instructions on how to make them. DNA stays in the nucleus, but proteins are built in the cell’s cytoplasm. Each gene contains a different sequence of bases.

38. The Steps of Protein Synthesis TRANSCRIPTION: (RNA SYNTHESIS) the process of making mRNA by copying the DNA code TRANSLATION: (PROTEIN SYNTHESIS) assembling a protein molecule from a code carried by a mRNA molecule

40. LG: How Does DNA Synthesize Proteins? 3/17/14 DO NOW: Copy and answer the questions. Where does DNA replication take place? 2. Define: DNA Helicase: ____________________________ SSB Protein: ______________________________ DNA Polymerase: __________________________ DNA Ligase: ______________________________

41. LG: How Does DNA Synthesize Proteins? 3/19/14 Do Now: Copy and Answer

42. TEST 1 (INC)-Last Call! Following students see me Thursday 2-3PM

43. TEST 1 (INC)-Last Call! Following students see me Thursday 2-3PM

44. Important Concept

45. Overview: Today’s Lesson

46. So now we get to the codon table! • Locate the first letter of your codon using the left side of the table. • Given: TAC (DNA) • mRNA: AUG • look for the A

47. DNA: TAC mRNA: AUG • Now move to the second letter of your codon which is ‘U’ • Look at the top of the table where you see the title ‘2nd letter’ • Find the letter ‘U’ and follow it down until it intersects with the letter ‘A’ from the left side. • You should see four amino acids (isoleucine, isoleucine, isoleucine, and (start) methionine.

48. DNA: TAC mRNA: AUG • Down to the last letter of the codon! • Look to the right hand side for the third letter. Find the letter ‘G’ which will intersect with the box that had our four choices. • Move your finger from the ‘G’ on the left over to the left and you should land on ….. Methionine (start) • Yes you did it!!! • Now try another codon

49. Try the codon CAC AA: HIS Your Turn! Try the codon AAC AA: ASN Try the codon GUA AA: VAL

50. Nucleus Overview Cont. Ribosome