WWII

1. WWII The history that led up to U.S. involvement

2. Listen and “doodle” what you hear • On worksheet, make some doodles to summarize what you hear in the chapter summary • Tompkins: page 1437

3. Treaty of Versailles Review • President Wilson pushes his 14 points • Wants a lasting peace that promotes self-determination and fairness (see next slide) • In peace talks, he gives up on most of them in order to have the League of Nations • U.S. Senate rejects the treaty • No more helping others with bloody conflicts!

4. 1. No more secret agreements ("Open covenants openly arrived at"). • 2. Free navigation of all seas. • 3. An end to all economic barriers between countries. • 4. Countries to reduce weapon numbers. • 5. All decisions regarding the colonies should be impartial • 6. The German Army is to be removed from Russia. Russia should be left to develop her own political set-up. • 7. Belgium should be independent like before the war. • 8. France should be fully liberated and allowed to recover Alsace-Lorraine • 9. All Italians are to be allowed to live in Italy. Italy's borders are to "along    clearly recognizable lines of nationality." • 10. Self-determination should be allowed for all those living in Austria-Hungary. • 11. Self-determination and guarantees of independence should be allowed for the Balkan states. • 12. The Turkish people should be governed by the Turkish government. Non-Turks in the old Turkish Empire should govern themselves. • 13. An independent Poland should be created which should have access to the sea. • 14. A League of Nations should be set up to guarantee the political and territorial independence of all states.

5. The Treaty of Versailles and Germany • “War Guilt Clause” • forces Germany to take blame and pay other nations for the cost of the war • Banned Germany from maintaining an army • Took some of Germany’s land away • Stripped Germany of colonies in the Pacific (where it made a lot of money)

6. 20’s and 30’s: What’s Going On?U.S. • 1st “Red Scare” – communism developing…we’re afraid of the unknown • Anti-immigrant hysteria • 20’s: Urban life, consumer goods leisure activities, speak-easies • 30’s: Market crashes… Great Depression • Foreign Policy: ISOLATIONISM(we’ll trade with you, but keep us out of your problems)

7. 20’s and 30’s: What’s Going On?Germany • Government: • New Name: Weimar Republic • Trying on new governments (got rid of previous ruler) • Inexperienced with democracy…lots of parties trying to gain power…lots of instability • The public later blamed the government (not the war leaders) for the war and the war-guilt clause • Economy: • WWI crippled the German economy • Money is worthless, people are in despair • Great Depression hits, unemployment goes up • Looking for relief and order

8. Pic of German Inflation

9. Economic Help for Germany:The Dawes Plan Charles Dawes = American Banker Dawes Plan lent out $200 million to Germany to stabilize their currency and economy Set a more realistic schedule for Germany to pay back money owed from war

10. Rise of Hitler • Hitler – • Powerful public speaker – became leader of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazis) • Wants to: • Unite all German-speaking people in an empire (only “Aryans”) • Expand German territory • Restore German pride(desperate) • 1933 Hitler becomes Prime Minister and establishes the Third Reich (Third German Empire)

11. 20’s and 30’s:What’s Going On?Italy • Unemployment, inflation, workers’ strikes • Middle and Upper classes demanded strong leadership • Benito Mussolini takes charge 1922 • Totalitarian (crushed all opposition) • Anti-communist • Fascism: having a strong nation means putting the nation before yourself and letting power rest in one individual/small group of party members

12. 20’s and 30’s: What’s Going On?Spain • 1936 – Civil War breaks out • Francisco Franco leads revolt against the republic • Many people passionate about stopping Franco (who was a fascist dictator) • Some Americans volunteered to go over and help • America and previous allies remained neutral • Mussolini and Hitler sent men and equipment to help • Franco wins

13. 20’s and 30’s: What’s Going On?Japan • Japanese leaders wanted to expand territory • 1931 Japan successfully invaded China • Manchuria – huge land mass with lots of resources • League of Nations looked into this act of aggression • Finds Japan at fault and condemns them • Japan quits the League • Everybody around the world notices this lack of “punishment”…

14. 20’s and 30’s: What’s Going On?Soviet Union (Russia) • Russian Revolution –everyday people were upset at conditions…overthrew Czar…in hopes of democracy • Lenintook control of country until death in 1924 • Joseph Stalin takes over – goal is to turn Russia (now Soviet Union) into great industrial nation • He looks after all economic activity • Soviet Union becomes 2nd largest industrial power by 1937 • Stalin is BRUTAL totalitarian– kills anyone who threatens his power. • Some estimate he was responsible for • 8-13 million deaths

15. War in Europe - Appeasement • Germany pushes limits • Sends troops into demilitarized zone (Rhineland) • Appeasement– Britain/France do nothing (for fear of starting another war) • Next takes Austria and Czechoslovakia • Germany wants more…other countries getting nervous • Hitler turns sights to Poland • Read and summarize page 1446-1447

16. What was the U.S. doing during alll of this? • Still very strongly Isolationists • 1935 – Neutrality Acts • Outlawed weapon sales or loans to nations at war or in a civil war • Roosevelt is struggling to remain neutral • Japan attacks China again but doesn’t declare war • FDR says its okay to send weapons/supplies to China

17. Moving away from Neutrality • September 1939 – Germany attacks Poland, Britain and France declare war • Soon… Axis powers form (Germany, Italy, Japan) • FDR persuades Congress to revise the neutrality acts. • Allowed warring nations to buy weapons from us…as long as they used cash and transported them themselves • FDR soon sends Britain many supplies and trades a few warships for spots at military bases

18. Congress has a change of heart • After seeing so many Nazi victories, Congress increases military spending • First peacetime draft for military • 16 million men are registered • FDR tells America that if Hitler isn’t stopped, we’d be living at German gunpoint • Lend-Lease Act • The U.S. would lease arms to any country “whose defense was vital to the United states”

19. Video time

20. Your Task: • Using textbook pages 1481-1485, describe how the U.S. got involved in WW2. • In your NoTeS: • 1. Answer all the green question boxes • 2. Answer Skillbuilider questions 1 and 2 • 3. Answer Critical Thinking question #3 on page 1487 • 4. Look at the timeline pages 1488-1489

21. The 2 “sides” • Axis • Germany • Japan • Italy • And more… • Allies • United Kingdom • United States • Soviet Union (eventually) • France • And more…

22. U.S Moves Toward War • Isolationism - but FDR sees conflict and starts preparing for war • 1939 – neutrality act – “cash and carry” for Brit./Fr. • 1940 – increased spending for nat’l defense • Selective Service Act – 1st peace time draft • 1941 – Lend-Lease Act – arms to countries vital to U.S. • 1941 – Germany turns on Sov.Un. – we give arms to Stalin • 1941 – FDR allows navy to attack German U boats in self-defense

23. 1941 – Atlantic Charter • Secret mtg between U.S. and Britain • Agree to help each other/other nations out • 26 countries sign • ….more later….. • 1941 (Sept.) – Germans attack U.S. ships – undeclared naval war with Germany • U.S. cuts off fuel for Japan (didn’t like their invasions) • Dec. 7th 1941 – Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, Hawaii • Damages to U.S. are more than all of WWI • U.S. declares war on Japan • Germany and Italy declare war on U.S.

24. We’re In…. • Now we’ll be studying what the fighting abroad did to the folks at home….