1 / 73

WWII

WWII. The Path to War: ASIA. Japanese Territorial Expansion. Natural resources ‘31 invaded Manchuria Coal and iron ore ‘32 declared it the independent state of Manchukuo League of Nations ineffective in stopping Demanded w/ drawal from China

lavina
Télécharger la présentation

WWII

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. WWII The Path to War: ASIA

  2. Japanese Territorial Expansion • Natural resources • ‘31 invaded Manchuria • Coal and iron ore • ‘32 declared it the independent state of Manchukuo • League of Nations ineffective in stopping • Demanded w/drawal from China • March ‘33 Japan withdrew from the League and remained in Manchukuo • Encouraged Italy and Germany to expand

  3. Expansion Cont • Early ‘30s • East Indies for oil • Needs Chinese ports • ‘37 Japan invades South and East China • Nanjing Massacre = 300,000 killed by Japanese • ‘37 – ‘45 Nat' lists, Ch. Comm. and Jap. fight for control of China

  4. WWII Path to War: Europe

  5. Italy • Goal: control Ethiopia • ‘34 – border clash and The League did nothing • October ‘35 Italy invades • The League imposed economic sanctions • Included weapons but not oil, coal, iron • Ineffective • May ‘36 Ethiopia was annexed

  6. Civil War in Spain • Spain became a Republic in 1931 • July 1936 Nationalists revolted • Francisco Franco • Foreign powers intervened • Soviet Union + others = Republicans • Germany = Nationalists • 1939 Results • Nationalists won in 1939 • Franco becomes new fascist dictator • DID NOT ALLY W/ GERMANY OR ITALY!

  7. Germany’s Conquest Begins • Hitler attacked the Rhineland in March ‘36 • Prohibited by V. T. • No one acted • New alliances threaten peace • Rome-Berlin Axis (Oct ‘36) • Anti-Comintern Pact added Japan • Stalin urged West to form • Nothing happened

  8. 1st victim • Austria • ‘34 Hitler wanted Aust. to join to Ger. • Italy mobilized along Aust. border • ‘38 Ger. and It. = Allied • Hitler tried again • March ‘38 • Offered Political stability • United German speaking people • Austria asks for help • None

  9. 2nd victim • Czechoslovakia • Target b/c prosperous • Ethnic conflicts • Appeasement • Sept ‘38 – Sudetenland • Munich Conference (Sept 29, 1938) – Neville Chamberlain (GB) tries to negotiate peace • Ger. got Sudetenland • Hitler would respect Czech’s freedom • Hitler would not take any more territory • March 15, 1939 Hitler takes over Czech • Western Democracies begin to prepare for war.

  10. The Coming of War • March 1939 Hitler turns East • Memel, Lithuania • Danzig, Poland • West and Soviets suspicious of each other • No alliance was ever formed to stop Hitler. • Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact • Aug 23, 1939 • Pledged they would never attack each other • Would remain neutral if the other was in war • Outlined “spheres of influence”

  11. The Battle Fronts 1939 - 1941

  12. War Begins • Hitler invaded Poland on Sept 1, 1939 • Assumed the West would do nothing • Two days later, GB and FR declared war on Germany • WWII has begun

  13. Early Conquests • Sept 1, 1939 blitzkrieg on Poland • “lightning war” – surprise • Used the Luftwaffe, panzers, and then the infantry • Poland fell in weeks • Stalin forced military bases in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia, then Finland.

  14. Hitler Looks to the West • 1939 – 1940 Sitzkreig • Quiet on the Western Front • Scandinavia Falls (April – May 1940) • April 1940 GB tries to protect Norway • Hitler said the Allies were invading and Denmark and Norway accept “protection of the Reich” • Denmark accepts • Norway rejects • April 9 Hitler attacks Norway and Denmark • Germ – loses part of navy • Germ – won outlet to the Atlantic • Chamberlain replaced by Winston Churchill – May 10, 1940

  15. Fall of France • Maginot Line… • May 10, 1940 Hitler attacks the Low Countries – Lux, Nether, Bel • GB, FR move troops to Bel and Hitler uses opening and invades with Panzers • Bel, GB, & FR troops trapped; rescued at Dunkirk • Germ takes to Paris on June 14 • FR signs an armistice

  16. The Battle for Britain • Hitler’s plan: • Win the English Channel • Destroy airfields and industries • Began August 1940 • Focus = RAF; Aug 24 – Sept 6 1000 planes/day • RAF losses = 466 planes, 103 pilots • German losses > • Sept 7 – Nov 3 blitzed London • Huge damage to London • British Hurricanes, Spitfires successful in destroying German pilots. • Results: • Germany’s 1st loss • U.S. Aid (see next slide)

  17. http://www.llgc.org.uk/illingworth/illingworth_s040.htm

  18. American Cooperation • Neutrality Acts… • FDR wants to help b/c feels threatened by Hitler • Gave 50 old destroyers to GB • Enacted cash-and-carry policy • Switches to lend-lease policy when GB runs out of $ • GB and US sign Atlantic Charter (Aug 9, 1941) • Freedom of trade • Right of people to choose govt • Final destruction of Nazi tyranny

  19. Eastern Europe and Africa • June 10, 1940 Italy declares war on FR and GB • Battle at Libya (Dec 9, 1940) • By 1941 Germany claims Romania, Bulgaria, and Hungary • April ’41 GB defeated at Yugoslavia and Greece; forced to escape by sea. • April 11, 1941Germ tanks pushed GB out of N. Libya

  20. Invasion of the Soviet Union • Hitler’s Goal: get more “living space,” wheat, and oil • Operation Barbarossa (June 22, 1941) • German offensive on the SU; a surprise • To stop GERM, Stalin orders the scorched-earth policy • By Nov 1941, Germany pushed 600 miles inland, controlled 40% of the population, and had taken key cities. • Soviet resistance was strong and the winter was harsh • Dec 2, 1941 GERM was forced to retreat.

  21. Japanese Expansion • Controlled much of China by the late 1930s • July 1940 started the “greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere” by taking European colonies such as French Indochina, Dutch East Indies, and Singapore (GB) • Response: US placed an embargo on iron • Tripartite Pact (Sept 27, 1940) • Alliance between GERM, IT, and JAPAN

  22. Japan’s Attack and US Entry

  23. Tensions Mount • Japan attacked Indochina on July 24, 1941 • US Response • Demanded w/drawal from Indochina and China • Embargo on oil • Froze all Japanese assets in America • Hideki Tojo – military dictator - decides to go to war to continue expansion.

  24. The Plan… • US Pacific Fleet was based in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii • Yamamoto – commander of JAP navy – plans secret attack • November 1941 – JAP fleet leaves for target • Japan stages negotiation talks with FDR • As talks break down, FDR sends all aircraft carriers and half of the army’s airplanes to Pearl Harbor in prep for attack in SE Asia

  25. The Attack • December 7, 1941 • W/in 25 minutes torpedoes sank battleships Arizona, Utah, Oklahoma, West Virginia, and California • Results: • 19 American ships sank or damaged • 188 airplanes were destroyed • Over 2400 killed • 1100 wounded • Dec. 8, 1941 • December 9, 1941 the US declared war on Japan

  26. The Homefront

  27. Production • US = Allies biggest supplier • Planes, tanks, jeeps, guns, ships • Created an economic boom • Population shift to war-industry cities (west) • Increase in farm production

  28. Government Expansion • New Agencies • Office of War Mobilization (OWM) • War Production Board (WPB)

  29. Economy • To pay for the war: • Gov't increased the tax base • Encouraged war bonds • To stop inflation • Bonds • Rationing • Gasoline, heating fuel, tires, coffee, sugar, meat, butter, canned goods

  30. The Army • Selective Training and Service Act • 21-35 HAD TO register • Deferments • WWII = 2/3 drafted • 300,000 women served • WAACS, WASPS, WAVES, SPARS • ANC, NNC • ROSIE THE RIVETER

  31. Promoting the War • Movies • Songs • Radio stations

  32. Japanese-American Relocation • 119,000 Jap-Am on West Coast • 1942 – 1945 = Hysteria; imprisoned in 10 relocations camps • Minidoka, Tule Lake, Manzanar, Topaz, Granada, Heart Mountain, Poston, Gila River, Rohwer, Jerome • Losses = $400 million in property • Wanted to disprove accusation of disloyalty

  33. Relocation Camps

  34. Camp Layouts

  35. Typical barracks room at Manzanar, April 1942

  36. Remains of Security Fence, Manzanar

More Related