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Kennedy and the Cold War

Kennedy and the Cold War. Objective: Examine Cold War Crises. Chapter 23 Section 1. A. Cuba 1.Bay of Pigs - CIA backed uprising against Castro fails - hurts U.S. prestige 2. Cuban Missile Crisis (timeline) - Soviet missiles found thru spy pix - US Navy blockades Cuba

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Kennedy and the Cold War

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  1. Kennedy and the Cold War Objective: Examine Cold War Crises

  2. Chapter 23 Section 1 A. Cuba 1.Bay of Pigs - CIA backed uprising against Castro fails - hurts U.S. prestige 2. Cuban Missile Crisis (timeline) - Soviet missiles found thru spy pix - US Navy blockades Cuba - JFK tells Khrushchev to get missiles out

  3. B. US, USSR, Great Britain agree to ban nuclear testing in the atmosphere, outer space, and underground C. Arab-Israeli War (1967): 1. US-backed Israel defeats Soviet-backed Egypt, Syria, and Jordan D. USS Pueblo: 1. Spy vessel sunk by North Korea

  4. Vietnamand the Anti-War Movement Obj: Understand reasons for escalation of conflict; reaction of American public

  5. Govt. Protest in S. Vietnam

  6. Self-Immolation

  7. I. Escalation A. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution: 1. Congress passes act that gives President war powers until “peace and security” return to region B. U.S. bombing campaigns; covert operations in North Vietnam C. By 1967, 500,000 soldiers are “in-country”

  8. Bombing Ambushes The Opponents NV ARMY ARVN Vietcong U.S. Search & Destroy Booby traps

  9. II. Tet Offensive A. 1967 – U.S. officials say the end of the war is near B. Jan / 68: Vietcong launch surprise attack during holiday 1. public believes that war can’t be won

  10. III. Protest A. ‘Hawks’ (pro-war) versus ‘doves’ (anti-war) 1. antiwar movement centers on college campuses a. 4 killed at Kent State b. many burn draft cards

  11. Kent State, Ohio

  12. At the Pentagon

  13. IV. 1968 Election A. Democrats split 1. RFK is assassinated 2. Humphrey picked to run B. Nixon (R) wins close contest 1. Democrats still hold majority in Congress

  14. Secrecy and Summitry Obj: Understand Nixon’s foreign policy End of the Vietnam conflict Diplomacy in China Crisis in the Middle East

  15. I. Nixon the Peacemaker A. Policy of détente: relax tensions w/communists 1. visits USSR - agree to allow only underground testing of nuclear weapons 2. visits China - lifts trade/travel limits

  16. B. Vietnam 1. Pentagon Papers – Congress misled American people about war’s progress 2. “Vietnamization” – Nixon replaces U.S. soldiers with South Vietnamese 3. 1973 – cease-fire ends U.S. presence

  17. 4. 1975 – communists take over the South; Vietnam united

  18. Casualties in Vietnam Branch BD OD NFW Navy 1,631 931 4,178 Air Force 1,741 842 931 Marines 13,084 1,753 51,392 Army 30,922 7,273 96,802 Total 47,378 10,799 153,303

  19. The Wall – Wash. D.C.

  20. C. War in the Middle East 1. (1973) Egypt and Syria attack Israel 2. Sec. of State Kissinger uses “shuttle diplomacy” to improve relations

  21. From Camelot to Watergate JFK’s New Frontier Johnson’s Great Society Nixon’s Fall from Grace

  22. I. Kennedy A. Wins close election against Nixon 1. 1st Catholic President

  23. B. “New Frontier”: mix of idealism & realism 1. Space program expanded 2. Housing Act 3. labor and business a. Area Redevelopment Act

  24. C. 11/22/63: Assassinated in Dallas, Texas 1. Arrested Lee Harvey Oswald who is killed 2 days later by Jack Ruby 2. Warren Commission decides that Oswald acted alone

  25. II. Johnson A. Great Society 1. War on poverty: a. job training programs b. Medicare Act – care for those over 65 2. increased immigration 3. tax cuts

  26. B. Spending doubles between 1964-68 C. Vietnam takes funding for domestic programs

  27. D. Rachel Carson’s “Silent Spring” increases environmental awareness

  28. III. Nixon A. War on crime: 1. appoints conservative Supreme Court Justices 2. reinstates death penalty B. Economic slowdown + inflation= stagflation 1. New Federalism: reduce govt.’s role in the economy

  29. 2. ’72 Election: appeals to patriotism C. Energy crisis (1973): 1. OPEC places embargo on U.S. oil shipments 2. Nixon supports Alaskan pipeline

  30. Gas Lines

  31. IV. Watergate’s Impact A. CREEP members caught ‘bugging’ Democratic campaign HQ

  32. B. Reveals Nixon’s involvement; illegal contributions to 1972 campaign

  33. 1. resigns in 1974 under threat of impeachment

  34. C. Ford will pardon Nixon 1. Congress limits power of President a. War Powers Act: Pres. must report w/in 48 hours of action b. refuses aid to South Vietnam

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