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Democratic Paradigm

Democratic Paradigm. Jefferson & Madison 1801-1814. Thomas Jefferson 1801-1809. Rev. of 1800 Rise of Republicanism. Jeff. reverses much of Fed. agenda Beginning of VA Dynasty. Restoring the Meaning of Rev. Limited nat. govt Enlightenment into practice

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Democratic Paradigm

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  1. Democratic Paradigm Jefferson & Madison 1801-1814

  2. Thomas Jefferson1801-1809

  3. Rev. of 1800 Rise of Republicanism • Jeff. reverses much of Fed. agenda • Beginning of VA Dynasty

  4. Restoring the Meaning of Rev. • Limited nat. govt • Enlightenment into practice • States will care for people & property • Free trade • Freedom of religion & press • Friendly w/ all nation, but allied to none

  5. Actions • Minimize fed. power & eliminate gov’t oversight of economy • Cut expenses - Reduced gov’t employees • Cut military & navy • Abolished all taxes, except the tariff • Paid off ½ debt • Sedition Acts expire

  6. Judicial Review • John Marshall • Marbury v. Madison (1803) • Supreme Court can determine if an act of Congress violates Constitution • Fletcher v. Peck (1810) • Judicial review extended to state law

  7. Agrarian Program • Aggressive expansion of frontier • Push back Indians • Reduce homestead prices • For 20 yrs easy for ordinary people to get land

  8. LA Purchase 1803 • Jeff. not sure its constitutional • $250M today • Strengthens farmer Republican tie

  9. Lewis & Clark • Meriwether Lewis & William Clark • Goals scientific & commercial • Explore • Find water route to Pacific • Est. trade w/ Indians • Showed overland travel possible • Idea America’s destiny to Pacific

  10. Bank • Money moved to state banks • Ignorant of possible inflation from lack of regulated currency • Broke up privilege

  11. 1804 Reelection • Public supports Jefferson’s egalitarian society – easy win

  12. Problems w/ Europe • 1803 GB & F War • 1806 blockade • US neutrality not recognized • 6000 US sailors seized by 1807 (impressment) • Chesapeake attacked & boarded (MD)

  13. The Embargo 1807-1809 • (peaceful coercion) • US ships can’t sail to foreign ports. • 1808 exports plummet 80% • Economy crippled • Domestic manufacturing did well. • US lost $16M in customs revenue. • Port cities devastated

  14. Election 1808 • James Madison Sec. of State • Voters overlook Embargo • Love Republican freedom • Republican Party stronger (win S & W) • Jefferson paradigm confirmed

  15. James Madison1809-1817

  16. Expansion • Expand into Spanish West FL (AL & MS) • Part of LA Purchase

  17. Madison Policy Change • 1809 Non-Intercourse Act • Ban only on GB & Fr. • Macon’s Bill No.2 • Take back embargo • 1812 embargo on GB only • Relations w/ Eng. deteriorate • Republicans resist preparing for war

  18. Indian Policy • Washington – settled farming & slaves • Jefferson – assimilation or removal • Purchase land • Indian debts • Move uncivilized tribes west

  19. Civilized vs. Native Debate • Decline irreversible • Major Ridge & John Ross • Survival means assimilation • White fathers • Nativists • Lose Euro influence • Resist white settlement • Stop selling land

  20. Tecumseh • & The Prophet (Shawnee) • Whites are evil & we must separate ourselves • Indians must unite & stop selling land (MS Valley) • 1810 attack settlements • 1811 Battle of Tippecanoe • Prophetstown destroyed • Wm. Henry Harrison hero

  21. War Hawks • 1810 Midterm election victory • Young, Republican Congressmen • Henry Clay (KY) • John C. Calhoun (SC) • Defend honor & expansion (Canada & Florida) • Free access to markets key to a farming republic • Push Indians back • Push Madison to war

  22. War Hawks

  23. Causes of War • GB encouraging Tecumseh • Continuing attacks on shipping • “independent people or colonists of GB” • Vote divided country • North against (money & business) • South & West fore (farming)

  24. 1812 Madison Reelected • Before war started going badly • Fed. Govt couldn’t • Recruit troops, collect taxes, borrow $ • Militias would go home • Militias wouldn’t fight out of state

  25. Problems • Country divided • Bank of US expired 1811 • New England bankers wont lend $ • Fed. bankrupt at wars end

  26. Hartford Convention • Dec. 1814 • Federalist mad • VA presidents • Loss of influence to west • Amendments • Eliminate 3/5th clause • 2/3 vote for new states, war, trade restricting laws • Right to own authority if Fed. is violating Con.

  27. War of 1812 • Canada • GB blockades US • 1814 Troops run & GB burns DC • Defense of Ft. McHenry (Balt.)

  28. The South • Andrew Jackson “Old Hickory” • Jan. 1815 Battle of New Orleans • Outnumbered 2 to 1 • War technically over • Most decisive victory of war • Feels like we won war • Jackson hero

  29. Treaty of Ghent • Dec. 1814 • Everything goes back way it was before war • Best we could do

  30. Aftermath • Fought a war & govt survived • Jackson national hero • Indians lose Old NW & rich land in South • Peace in Europe good for US

  31. Death of the Federalists • Against War of 1812 • Can’t escape unpatriotic charge • Represent only the urban rich • New Era of 1 party rule • Nationalism & Expansion

  32. Summary • 15 yrs extended boundaries • Encourage settlement of west • Broke up artificial privileges • Leveled playing field • Made American society more democratic

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