Partisan Politics

1. Ch. 6 Sec. 2 Partisan Politics

2. Revolution in France • Civil war in France divided Americans. • Federalists opposed the war-pacifism • Republicans supported the war-fight for liberty. • French radicals take control of France. • 1793- France declares war on Britain. • America allies with both France and Britain.

3. French Revolution

4. Washington’s Foreign Policy • New President George Washington declared that America would be “friendly and impartial” between France and Britain. • Britain intercepts US cargo ships heading for France. • GW sends John Jay to Britain to find a solution. • Jay’s Treaty • Britain could seize American ships heading for France. • In exchange, Britain agreed to give the United States most-favored nation status.

6. Washington’s Foreign Policy • Jay’s Treaty prevented war with Britain. • Jay’s Treaty raised concerns in Spain that the British and Americans might join forces to take over Spain’s North American holdings. • Thomas Pinckney sent to Spain to negotiate. • 1775 - Pinckney’s Treaty • US could navigate the Mississippi River and use the port of New Orleans. • US farmers support it. => Westward expansion

7. Pinckney's Treaty

8. Westward Expansion • Americans moved in large numbers to the area between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River because of abundant land, fertile soil, wide rivers, and a variety of fish and game. • The increase of white settlers led to tension with Native Americans. • Little Turtle, a chief of the Miami people of the Northwest Territory, formed a confederacy of several Native American groups against the white settlers.

9. Westward Expansion • After two battles, NA groups were defeated by General Anthony Wayne. • In 1795, 12 Native American nations signed the Treaty of Greenville. • The Native Americans gave up parts of what later became Ohio and Indiana in exchange for a yearly payment of $10,000 from the federal government. • As a result of the treaty, even more settlers moved into the region.

10. Treaty of Greenville

11. Washington Leaves Office • By the end of his second term, Washington becomes frustrated with political parties and attacks on his character. • Decides to retire. • Washington’s Farewell Address included advice to the American people to avoid sectionalism, or the dividing of the country into North against South or East against West. • He also warned against political parties and becoming too attached to any foreign nation.

12. Election of 1796 • 1796- US first presidential election. • The Federalists promoted John Adams, while the Republicans supported Thomas Jefferson. • John Adams won the election 71 to 68.

13. Election of 1796 Federalist Republican

14. The Quasi-War With France • The French, angry over Jay’s Treaty, stopped American ships and seized goods while en route to Britain. • Federalists want war with France. • John Adams sends negotiations instead.

15. The Quasi-War With France

16. XYZ Affair • France demanded bribes from US before any negotiations could be met. This became known as the XYZ Affair. (Read passage on pg. 215)

17. XYZ Affair

18. XYZ Affair

19. The Quasi-War With France • In 1798 Congress suspended trade with France and ordered the navy to capture French ships. The undeclared war at sea was called the Quasi-War. • New negotiations with France led to an agreement in 1800. • The Convention of 1800 gave up all United States claims against France for damages to American shipping. • In return, France released United States from the treaty of 1778. • The Quasi-War ended.

20. The Quasi-War With France

21. War Between the Parties • The Federalists pushed four laws through Congress known as the Alien and Sedition Acts • The first three laws were aimed at aliens–people living in the country who are not citizens.. • Aliens could not become citizens for 14 years. • Weakened Republican support since most immigrants from France and Ireland tended to vote Republican. • President could deport anyone who seemed dangerous, without trial. • The fourth law prevented sedition, or incitement to rebellion. • Unlawful to say anything false about the government.

22. Alien and Sedition Acts

23. War Between the Parties • In 1798 and 1799, the Republican legislatures of Kentucky and Virginia passed resolutions criticizing the Alien and Sedition Acts. • Virginia Resolutions written by Jefferson and Madison. • Argued for interposition- gov’t did something unconstitutional, therefore the states could “interpose” between the federal gov’t and the people to stop it.

24. War Between the Parties • The Kentucky Resolutions advanced the theory of nullification. • If the gov’t passed an unconstitutional law, the states had the right to nullify, or declare it invalid.

25. Election of 1800 • In the election of 1800, two candidates, Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr, each had the same number of electoral votes. • House of Rep. votes for the president when there is a tie. • Jefferson wins by 1 vote. • The election of 1800 proved that despite disagreements between political parties, power in the United States could be peacefully transferred.

26. Election of 1800 Aaron Burr Thomas Jefferson