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Chapter 4. Spain Builds an Empire. Lesson 1: The Voyages of Columbus. Columbus and the Taino. On the island of Guanahani in 1492, the villagers (Taino) see a ship like nothing they have ever seen before. This island is southeast of FL Europeans were continuing to explore the world.
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Chapter 4 Spain Builds an Empire
Columbus and the Taino • On the island of Guanahani in 1492, the villagers (Taino) see a ship like nothing they have ever seen before. • This island is southeast of FL • Europeans were continuing to explore the world. • Christopher Columbus-Italian-wanted to find a better besides the Silk Road to reach the Indies to get the gold, spices and other goods there. • He suggested sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean.
Columbus needed money to pay for this expedition. • He took his plan to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain. • They did not agree right away, but were finally convinced that Columbus could find a cheaper and quicker way to the Indies. • On August 3, 1492 Columbus left Spain in 3 ships-Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria. • After 1 month at sea, the men feared they were never going to see home again. They had traveled farther west than they thought possible, and they wanted to turn back and go home. • Columbus pushed on.
On October 12 land was sighted from the Pinta. • Columbus wrote, “At two hours after midnight, the Pinta fired a cannon, my prearranged signal for the sighting of land.” • Columbus claimed the land for the Spanish king and queen. • Soon after, the Taino come to greet the Europeans. • It is also thought that Columbus may have reached the Bahama Islands because he believed that he reached the Indies. He called the Taino “Indians,” and this name was later referred to the native people of the Americas. • The Bahama Islands and other islands of the region became know as the West Indies.
1. He thought he might find an easier and quicker route to India.
2. Why do you think Columbus wanted to continue even when the crew wanted to turn back?
2. He wanted to honor his agreement and he wanted to become famous and wealthy.
3. What do you think was Columbus’s first impression of the people he met?
Columbus led 3 more expeditions to the Americas. • On the second trip in 1493, he took 17 ships loaded with settlers, animals and other supplies. • The new goal for this trip besides the riches already discovered, was to start a colony that would bring profits to Spain. • Before long, thousands of settlers were living in colonies set up throughout the West Indies.
The Columbian Exchange had begun-this was a movement of people, animals, plants, diseases and ways of life between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. • Europeans brought horses, cattle , sheep and pigs with them to the Western Hemisphere, and in the Eastern Hemisphere people enjoyed new foods from the Americas like corn, potatoes, tomatoes, cocoa, and beans. • The exchanges helped the people, but not all of the effects were positive. • Without knowing it Europeans brought disease germs to the Americas. Many Native Americans died because they had no defense against small pox and measles.
As European colonies took hold in the West Indies, the native people’s way of life changed-many were forced to work on large farms growing sugar cane and other crops. Sugar cane was use to make sugar-a huge profit maker for owners. • The Spanish also wanted to bring Christianity to the native people. They forced the natives to give up their own beliefs and the way of life for the Taino and other native groups disappeared.
5. Do you think the Columbian Exchange was beneficial to native peoples? Why?
5. No, because their way of life was changed and many died because they had no defense against smallpox or measles.
6. Using the picture at the bottom of page 136 • Which animal moved from West to East? • Which plant moved from East to West?
6. Turkey Sugarcane
7. How were the goods moving from West to East similar to the goods moving from East to West?
Explorers for Spain • Christopher Columbus • 1451-1506 • Born in Italy • Let four voyages between 1492 and 1504
Amerigo Vespucci • 1454-1512 • Born in Italy • Sailed to the eastern coast of South American in 1501
Vasco Nunez de Balboa • 1475-1519 • In 1513 crossed the Isthmus of Panama and reached the Pacific Ocean
Ferdinand Magellan • About 1480-1521 • Led the first expedition around the world, which began in 1519 and ended without him in 1522. • He was killed during the voyage
8. Was the “new world” really “new”? • How did it get that name?
8. No, other civilizations lived in the Americas for many years before the Europeans arrived. • Europeans gave it that name because the places were new to them.
9. Which explorer or explorers sailed before Vasco Nunez de Balboa?
10. Which explorers sailed along the eastern coast of South America?
11. Which explorer sent by Spain led the most expeditions to the Western Hemisphere?
12. Most of the explorers made voyages a little longer than those made by the explorer or explorers before him. Why do you think this was true?
12. Ships became sturdier; Explorers better understood the dangers and knew more about certain routes; Explorers were curious and wanted to find new lands
The Impact of Columbus • Columbus showed Europeans the way to the Americas. • The name America comes from the explorer, Amerigo Vespucci, who in 1502 became the first to call the Americas a “new world.” • Many more Europeans followed in search of land and riches. • By the early 1600s explorers and settlers from Spain, Portugal, England, France, Sweeden and the Netherlands had come to the Americas. • These countries fought among themselves and against native peoples for control of the Western Hemisphere.
13. What was the effect of the voyages made by Columbus and Vespucci? How are Columbus’s accomplishments honored today?
13. Explorers from other European countries also came to the Americas to claim land and other riches. • We have a national holiday -Columbus Day
Astrolabe Columbus used an astrolabe to measure his latitude on his voyage to the Americas.
Naming America • The Italian navigator Amerigo Vespucci was the first to realize that America was a separate continent-not part of China. The continents of North and South America are named for him.
Gold from the Americas • Columbus promised to return with gold and silver for King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. The gold he found was used to make coins.
The Santa Maria • The Santa Maria was one of the three ships of Columbus’s first voyage. He traveled on the Santa Maria until it was wrecked off the coast of the West Indies. For the voyage back to Spain, he transferred to the Nina.
The Aztecs are Conquered • The Spanish had begun establishing colonies in the Caribbean Sea. • Hernando Cortes arrived in Cuba and heard of riches in Mexico and was encouraged to gain some of the Aztecs’ wealth. • He as a member of a group of Spanish soldiers (conquistadors) went to take on the Aztecs and Moctezuma.
Cortes and his 500 conquistadors faced a major challenge-they were outnumbered. • The Spanish did have some advantages over the Aztec-metal armor for protection, muskets, and horses. • The Spanish also had some allies-the people that they met on their way to Tenochtitlan did not want to live under Aztec rule any more, so they decided to help Cortes. • One woman, Dona Marina, spoke several Indian languages and spoke to the natives of Mexico for Cortes and persuaded them to join him. • Another ally was an invisible one that they carried with them, smallpox. Thousands did as a result of this disease.
In 1519 Moctezuma agreed to let Cortes stay in Tenochtitlan. • A year later, the Aztecs rose up and threw the Spanish out of their city. Moctezuma was killed, maybe by his own people. • Cortes escaped, but returned in 1520 with many more native people as allies. • In 1521, the mightiest empire of the Americas fell to the conquistadors.
1. Which forces were stronger-Cortes’s forces or Aztec forces? Explain.
1. The Aztec forces were larger, but Cortes had horses, better weapons, and the help of allies.
