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Chapter 25 Nationalism in Europe

Section 25.1 The Unification of Italy. Chapter 25 Nationalism in Europe. Five main reasons Italy was not yet a nation. 1. Italy was broken into many states. 2. Apennine Mountains make movement in the country difficult. 3. Po River makes movement in the country difficult.

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Chapter 25 Nationalism in Europe

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  1. Section 25.1 The Unification of Italy Chapter 25 Nationalism in Europe

  2. Five main reasons Italy was not yet a nation 1. Italy was broken into many states. 2. Apennine Mountains make movement in the country difficult. 3. Po River makes movement in the country difficult. 4. Pope didn't want unification. 5. Other European countries didn't want to see unification

  3. What factors led to Italian Unification? • Nationalism • birthplace of the Renaissance • good leadership

  4. I. Nationalist in Italy • Nationalist-Risorgimento (resurgence) • Goals were liberation and unification • Many ideas come from Renaissance • Had to form secret societies • Carbonari- Giuseppe Mazzini- emotional leadership -formed the Young Italy movement dedicated to spreading the ideas of a republic • 1848 revolts led to an overthrow of Austrian rule for a short time • Only Kingdom of Sardinia remained independent • Liberals and unification • CamilloBensodi Cavour- political leadership-Sardinian chief minister supported the goals of the liberals (only independents)

  5. II. Sardinia, France, and Austria • Cavour’s Sardinia • Strengthened army, established banks, factories, and railroads, and improved trade • Increased Sardinia’s political influence with good politics • Saw Austria as barrier to Italian unification • Napoleon III • Thought that if Austria was driven from Italy France might dominate the Italian states • Cavour hoped that other Italian states would join Sardinia in an alliance against both Austria and France • Cavour developed a secret plan for Austria to declare war on Sardinia • War with Austria 1. French and Sardinian forces drive out Austria and other Italian states unify 2. France is afraid of bringing Prussia in so they sign a peace treaty 3. Started revolt in other states and overthrew Austrian rulers and unified under the Kingdom of Sardinia

  6. III. Garibaldi and the Thousand • Kingdom of the Two Sicilies now was the target of nationalist • Giuseppe Garibaldi- military leadership- recruited an army • Crossed Italy’s mainland and unified the south • Cavour sent an army from the north to annex the papal states • 1860- Garibaldi and Emmanual II met in Naples • Promised to support the establishment of the kingdom of Italy with Victor Emmanual as king and Garibaldi as governor of Naples • King refused

  7. Unification Leaders • Mazzini- emotional leadership- HEART • Cavour- political leadership- MIND • Garibaldi- military leadership- STRENGTH

  8. IV. Unification and its problems • 1860 most of Italy held plebiscites and voted for unity under king of Sardinia • By 1870 all of Italy was united with the capital in Rome • Problems • Few experienced self-government • Regions remained divided a. Industrialized north and agricultural south • Standard of living was low

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