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Chapter 25 Nationalism in Europe

25.4 Reform and Revolution in Russia. Chapter 25 Nationalism in Europe. I. The Russian Empire. Largest population and territory Industrial developed lagged Natural resource undeveloped Ports blocked by ice Many national groups 1. Belorussians , Ukrainians, Poles, Finns.

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Chapter 25 Nationalism in Europe

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  1. 25.4 Reform and Revolution in Russia Chapter 25 Nationalism in Europe

  2. I. The Russian Empire • Largest population and territory • Industrial developed lagged • Natural resource undeveloped • Ports blocked by ice • Many national groups 1. Belorussians, Ukrainians, Poles, Finns

  3. II. Russian Domestic and Foreign Policies • Czar ruled has an autocrat • Czars took measures to counteract liberalism 1. Censored speech and press 2. Nicholas I – “Russification” • Foreign Policy • Increase Russian influence – Pan-Slavism • Continue expansion- east and south

  4. III. Alexander II and Reforms • First steps toward modernization • Emancipation for the serfs • Serfs bound to people not the land • 1861 Emancipation Edict- freed serfs • Become source of labor in cities • Other reforms • zemstvo- local governments • Court reform • Gave more freedom to press and expanded education

  5. IV. Radicals and Government Reaction • Radical groups believed in building a new Russia • Terrorist attacks • People’s Will- used bombings and assassinations • Alexander II more conservative- assassinated • Time of repression • Assassination ended liberal reform • Alexander III and Nicholas II – tried to stomp out liberalism • Russification intensified

  6. V. The Revolution of 1905 • Russo-Japanese War • Russian defeated • discontent • “Bloody Sunday” • Czar’s troops shot unarmed strikers • Triggered Revolution of 1905

  7. VI. Russia in WWI • Russia’s Weakness • food, armaments, or adequate roads to supply army • Corrupt, poorly armed, and poorly led • Spring 1917 • Poverty • Strikes and demonstrations • Forced abdication • Soldiers sided with the demonstrators • March czar abdicates throne and imprisoned

  8. VII. Lenin and the Bolsheviks • Provisional government continues the war • Bolsheviks “peace, bread, and land” • November 7, 1917 Bolsheviks overthrow government and take control of Russia

  9. VIII. Peace and Civil War • March 1918 Lenin signs Treaty of Brest Litovsk • Civil war in Russia 1918 • Czar and family executed • Red Army vs. Whites • 1922 Communists renamed the countryUnion of Soviet Socialist Republics

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