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PC20312 Wave Optics

PC20312 Wave Optics. Section 2: Polarization. Polarization states. linear. circular. elliptical. Image from Wikipedia. Linear and circular polarization. http://physics-animations.com/Physics/AVI/ellf.avi. Dipole radiation. E. Optical E-field….

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PC20312 Wave Optics

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  1. PC20312 Wave Optics Section 2: Polarization

  2. Polarization states linear circular elliptical Image from Wikipedia

  3. Linear and circular polarization http://physics-animations.com/Physics/AVI/ellf.avi

  4. Dipole radiation E Optical E-field… …drives oscillating dipoles in the medium… …which radiate in all directions except parallel to E. http://www-antenna.ee.titech.ac.jp /~hira/hobby/edu/em/dipole2/dipole2.html http://physics.usask.ca/~hirose/ep225/radiation.htm www.harvard.edu/~efortin/thesis/html/EMR_light.shtml

  5. Ei Er Er Ei Et Et Polarization by reflection Click here for a web-based animation of Brewster’s angle • E parallel to plane of incidence • “p-polarised” • Emission amplitude varies with direction of Er • E perpendicular to plane of incidence • “s-polarised” • Emission always max in direction of Er

  6. Brewster’s angle, B P-polarised light Ei Er=0 B ni t nt Et Sir David Brewster 1781-1868

  7. Polarization by scattering Ein vertical  no vertical scattering Ein horiz.  no horiz. scattering polarised For unpolarised incident light the scattered light is: Completely polarised in vertical  horiz directions Partially polarised in intermediate directions partially polarised unpolarised Animation from http://www-antenna.ee.titech.ac.jp/~hira/hobby/edu/em/smalldipole/force.gif

  8. Polarized light in nature Unfiltered image Image seen through polarising filter Image from Wikipedia

  9. Polaroid E-field component aligned with long axis of molecule is absorbed E  E cos E sin E cos Polaroid sheet eg aligned PVA molecules PVA structure from http://wwwchem.csustan.edu/CHEM2000/EXP2/bkg.htm

  10. Malus’ Law Etienne-Louis Malus 1775-1812 http://physics-animations.com/Physics/AVI/polariz.avi

  11. Anisotropic Materials Ey Ex Py Px For calcite: Calcite CaCO3 no = 1.658 & ne=1.486 (at =590 nm) Image from Wikipedia

  12. Eo Eo Ee Birefringence Optic Axis z k  • Eo perpendicular to k & optic axis • Eeperpendicular to Eo  y x

  13. Double Refraction Optic Axis e-ray unpolarised light o-ray For calcite, typical angle between beams ~6 Image from Wikipedia

  14. Polarizing Beamsplitter calcite unpolarised light polarised light e-ray o-ray transparent glue polarised light Optic Axis points towards you Photo from http://www.lightmachinery.com

  15. Waveplates Optic Axis z no>ne : Optic Axis is ‘fast’ ne>no : Optic Axis is ‘slow’ y x d In this diagram, is the optic axis slow or fast? Photo from http://www.lightmachinery.com

  16. The Faraday Effect Image from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday_effect

  17. E P1 P1 45 45 B B P2 P2 Faraday Isolator E

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