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SURVEYING THE OLD TESTAMENT

SURVEYING THE OLD TESTAMENT. GETTING THE BIG PICTURE OF THE OLD TESTAMENT. THE ORIGINAL PLAN OF GOD: Man alone was made in the “IMAGE OF GOD” . This fact gave him… (1) PRIVILEGE: fellowship w/ God-Gen.1:26/3:8 (2) PRIORITY: man to rule the earth-Gen.1:26; Ps.8:3

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SURVEYING THE OLD TESTAMENT

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  1. SURVEYING THE OLD TESTAMENT GETTING THE BIG PICTURE OF THE OLD TESTAMENT

  2. THE ORIGINAL PLAN OF GOD: Man alone was made in the “IMAGE OFGOD”. This fact gave him… (1) PRIVILEGE:fellowship w/ God-Gen.1:26/3:8 (2) PRIORITY:man torule the earth-Gen.1:26; Ps.8:3 (3) PLACE:in a physical paradise-Gen.2:8-17 THE ORIGINAL PLAN was ruined by SIN. MAN’S DECISIONcaused the loss of his PLACE, PRIORITY & PRIVILEGE GOD’S DECISION: to destroy or to restore/reconcile? God chose to restore the ORIGINAL PLAN. WHERE DO WE START? THE PLAN OF GOD: IN THE BEGINNING

  3. GOD’S PURPOSES RESTORED GOD’S ORIGINAL PURPOSES Genesis 1-3 GOD’S PURPOSES RESTORED Revelation 20-22 THE STORY OF SCRIPTURE • RESTORED PURPOSES: (1)FELLOWSHIPRESTORED AT THE CROSS (Rom. 3:23; 21-24) BUT REALIZED COMPLETELY IN THEFUTURE.(Revelation 21:3; 22:3-4)

  4. GOD’S PURPOSES RESTORED (2)RULERSHIPRE-ESTABLISHED THROUGH MESSIAH THE GOD-MAN(Rev. 11:15-18; 19:6,11-16)and THOSEWHO WILL CO-RULE WITH HIM(Heb.2:5-8; 1:9; 3:14; 2 Tim. 2:11-13; Rev. 5:10; 20:4; 22:5). (3)PARADISERESTORED IN THE MESSIANIC KINGDOM AND THE NEWEARTH (Isa.35; Rom. 8:19-23; Rev.21:1)

  5. RESTORING THE ORIGINAL PURPOSES OF GOD FOR MAN • THE OLD TESTAMENT BEGINS THE STORY OF GOD’S PROGRAM TO RESTORE MANKIND. • THE O.T. STORY BEGINS WITH GOD’S DECLARATION THAT THE “SEED” OF THE WOMAN WILL BE THE MEANS GOD USES TO BRING ABOUT THIS RESTORATION.

  6. THE ELEVEN “FOUNDATIONAL BOOKS” TELL THE STORY OF THE O.T. THE OTHER 28BOOKS OF THE O.T. ARE RELATED IN SOME WAY TO THESE 11 BOOKS. (1) THERE ARE 6 BOOKS THAT COMPLEMENT THE 11 F.B. (2) THERE ARE 6 BOOKS OF POETRY. (3) THERE ARE 16 WRITING PROPHETS. AN OVERVIEW OF THE 39 BOOKS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT

  7. THE 11 FOUNDATIONAL BOOKS OF THE O.T. BEGINNINGS -2300 years 2090 REDEMPTION -80 years 1445 WANDERING -40 years VICTORY -30 years 1375 DEFEAT - 300 years KING -90 years 1043 DAVID -40 years DIVISION -125 years 931 CAPTIVITY -150 years 721,605 SPIRITUAL RESTORATION-80 POLITICAL RESTORATION-12 425

  8. TIME COVERED IN THE SCRIPTURES CREATION FALL OF MAN FLOOD OF NOAH TOWER OF BABEL OLD TESTAMENT INTERTESTAMENT BIRTH OF CHRIST GOSPELS (N.T.) GENESIS 1-11 (About 2,000 years) GENESIS 12 – GOSPELS (About 2,000 years)

  9. THE FOUR PERIODS OF OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY #1 FORMATION ---------- THE NATION OF ISRAEL FORMED 715 YRS. PEOPLE • ABE/ISAAC/JACOB • 75 AT END OF GENESIS • 2 ½ MILLION/EXODUS 1 LAW (Constitution) • EXODUS/LEV./DEUT. • GIVEN AT MT. SINAI • 613 LAWS LAND • NOT IN NUMBERS (#3) • JOSHUA • 5-7 YEARS TOOK LAND “I WILL MAKE A GREAT NATION FROM YOU” -GENESIS 12:2

  10. THE FOUR PERIODS OF OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY • #1 • FORMATION • ---------- • THE NATION • OF ISRAEL • FORMED • PEOPLE • LAW • LAND • 715 YRS. • #2 • THEOCRACY • ---------- • THE RULE OF • GOD OVER • ISRAEL • THE PRIESTS • THE JUDGES • 332 YRS. • NO REPLACEMENT FOR JOSHUA • GOD WAS TO BE THEIR RULER • IT WAS TO BE A ‘THEOCRACY’ • EACH TRIBE TO REMOVE CANAANITES FROM ITS OWN TERRITORY • KEY HUMAN ELEMENT: THE PRIESTS • JUDGES WERE “EMERGENCY” INDIVIDUALS THE THEOCRACY WAS A FAILURE. THE PEOPLE WOULD NOT OBEY THEIR RULER, GOD.

  11. THE “CYCLE” OF THE JUDGES SERVED THE LORD RETURNED TO THE LORD TURNED FROM THE LORD/IDOLATRY ENSLAVED BY A FOREIGN NATION A JUDGE RAISED UP BY THE LORD CRIED OUT TO THE LORD

  12. THE FOUR PERIODS OF OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY • #1 • FORMATION • ---------- • THE NATION • OF ISRAEL • FORMED • PEOPLE • LAW • LAND • 715 YRS. • #2 • THEOCRACY • ---------- • THE RULE OF • GOD OVER • ISRAEL • THE PRIESTS • THE JUDGES • 332 YRS. • #3 • MONARCHY • ---------- • KINGS RULE • OVER ISRAEL • UNITED • DIVIDED • SINGLE • 457 YRS.

  13. PERIOD #3 - THE MONARCHY (1) UNITED (2) DIVIDED (3) SINGLE ISRAEL (North) 10 of the tribes Saul/David/Solomon JUDAH ONLY JUDAH (South) 2 of the tribes 721 2 KINGS 17 1043 1 SAM. 8 931 1 KINGS 12 5862 KINGS 25 605/586

  14. THE FOUR PERIODS OF OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY • #1 • FORMATION • ---------- • THE NATION • OF ISRAEL • FORMED • PEOPLE • LAW • LAND • 715 YRS. • #2 • THEOCRACY • ---------- • THE RULE OF • GOD OVER • ISRAEL • THE PRIESTS • THE JUDGES • 332 YRS. • #3 • MONARCHY • ---------- • KINGS RULE • OVER ISRAEL • UNITED • DIVIDED • SINGLE • 457 YRS. #4 RESTORATION ---------- ISRAEL RETURNS TO THE LAND FROM THEIR CAPTIVITY 156 YRS.

  15. THE PERIOD OF RESTORATION RETURN #1 LED BY ZERUBBABEL TO REBUILD THE TEMPLE. EZRA 1-6 E S T H E R RETURN #2 LED BY EZRA TO HELP THE JEWS OF JERUSALEM AND TEACH THE WORD. EZRA 7-10 RETURN #3 LED BY NEHEMIAH TO REBUILD THE WALLS OF JERUSALEM

  16. THE 4 PERIODS AND THE FOUNDATIONAL BOOKS UNITED DIVIDED SINGLE PEOPLE.LAW LAND #1 #2 #3 (1) FORMATION (3)MONARCHY (2)THEOCRACY (4)RESTORATION

  17. THE ELEVEN “FOUNDATIONAL BOOKS” TELL THE STORY OF THE O.T. THE OTHER 28BOOKS OF THE O.T. ARE RELATED IN SOME WAY TO THESE 11 BOOKS. (1) THERE ARE 6 BOOKS THAT COMPLEMENT THE 11 F.B. (2) THERE ARE 6 BOOKS OF POETRY. (3) THERE ARE 16 WRITING PROPHETS. AN OVERVIEW OF THE 39 BOOKS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT

  18. OLD TESTAMENT BOOKS MONARCHYPERIOD J O B L E V D E U T R U T H 1&2 CHRONICLES E S T P S A L M S L A M

  19. Land Covenant Deut. 28 Abrahamic Covenant Genesis 12 Davidic Covenant 2 Sam. 7 Mosaic Law Code Ex. 20; Gal. 3 New Covenant Jer. 31 God’s Covenants with Israel Promises Made Promises Fulfilled Mankind Formation of Israel Resto- ration Theocracy Monarchy Church Kingdom Exile Priests Judges Ezra Neh. Jesus Christ Patriarchs Moses Joshua Kings Apostles Adam Noah Prophets Old Testament New Testament

  20. THE ABRAHAMIC COVENANT: PROVISIONS TO ABRAHAM *DESCENDANTS *A GREAT NATION *PROSPERITY *KINGS WOULD COME FROM HIM TO ABRAHAM’S DESCENDANTS (through Isaac and Jacob) *A GREAT NATION *A LAND AREA *PERPETUITY TO ALL THE NATIONS *BLESSING WOULD COME THROUGH THE “SEED” OF ABRAHAM

  21. NATURE OF THE COVENANT (1) AN EVERLASTING COVENANT Gen. 13:15; 17:7,13,19; 1 Chron. 16:16; Psa. 105:9; Jer. 31:35-37. O.T. N.T. MILLENNIUM ETERNITY NEW HEAVENS AND EARTH “EVERLASTING”??? “EVERLASTING”??? (2) AN UNCONDITIONAL COVENANT FULFILLMENT DEPENDS ON GOD ALONE. DISOBEDIENCE DOES MATTER, BUT THE COVENANT IS NOT TERMINATED BY IT. Gal.3:14-29; 2 Kings 13:23; Luke 1:67, 75; Acts 3:25-26 (“you are”)

  22. RATIFICATION AND FULFILLMENT OF THE ABRAHAMIC COVENANT • A RATIFIED COVENANT Gen.15:8-18; Gal. 3:15-17 • COVENANT FULFILLMENT WHERE FULFILLMENT HAS HAPPENED, IT HAS BEEN LITERALLY FULFILLED. MOST HAS NOT YET BEEN FULFILLED.

  23. THE “SUB-COVENANTS” • THESE COVENANTS ARE PART OF THE ABRAHAMIC COVENANT. • THEY DEVELOP THE BASIC POINTS FOUND IN THE ABRAHAMIC COVENANT. • THEY ALSO ARE UNCONDITIONAL AND EVERLASTING SINCE THEY ARE PART OF THE ABRAHAMIC COVENANT. • LAND (a.k.a. Palestinian) COVENANT GIVES ADDED DETAILS ABOUT THE LAND GOD WAS GIVING TO ISRAEL.

  24. Blank 4 THE LAND OF PROMISE (Approximate boundries)

  25. PROVISIONS OF THE PALESTINIAN (Land) COVENANT (1) The “deed” to the Land belongs to Abraham’s descendants through Isaac and Jacob. (2) The borders of the Land are clearly defined in the Scriptures. (3) It will be possessed/occupied by Israel. (4) The day will come when Israel will occupy the Land forever and not be removed out of it.

  26. THE “SUB-COVENANTS” • DAVIDIC COV. EXPANDS THE KING AND “SEED” ASPECT OF THE ABE. COV. (Kings/Messiah from David) • IT FINDS ITS FULFILLMENT IN KING DAVID AND IN DAVID’S GREATER SON, THE MESSIAH JESUS.

  27. THE DAVIDIC COVENANT David was a famous and respected king. David had victory over his enemies Ruling dynasty in all of monarchy. Finally In JESUS CHRIST. In the MILLENNIUM. Messianic kingdom Messiah Jesus will rule over the earth.

  28. THE “SUB-COVENANTS” • THE NEW COVENANT FOCUSES ON THE “BLESSING” ASPECT OF THE ABE. COV. SALVATION AND THE FORGIVENESS OF SINS WOULD BE PROVIDED BY THE LORD. (Based on the Cross). • NEW COVENANT MADE WITH ISRAEL/JUDAH. Jer. 31:31ff. • IT IS NOT FULFILLED IN THE CHURCH. • THE CHURCH IS A “PARTAKER” OF THE COVENANT. (cf. Rom. 11:17; Gen. 12:3)

  29. THE MOSAIC COVENANT AND THE ABRAHAMIC COVENANT • MOSAIC COVENANT IS NOT A SUB-COVENANT OF THE ABE. COV. • THEY ARE TWO DIFFERENT KINDS OF COVENANTS. (Conditional vs. Uncond.) • ABE. AND MOSAIC WERE GIVEN FOR TWO DIFFERENT PURPOSES. • MOSAIC GIVEN JUST TO ISRAEL WHILE THE ABE. INCLUDES ALL OF MANKIND.

  30. OLD TESTAMENT BOOKS MONARCHYPERIOD J O B L E V D E U T R U T H 1&2 CHRONICLES E S T P S A L M S L A M

  31. THE BOOKS OF POETRY BOOK TYPE CONTENT JOB DRAMATIC THE PROBLEM: WHY DO RIGHTEOUS PEOPLE SUFFER? PSALMS LYRIC GENERALLY SONGS OF PRAISE; THOUGH MANY HUMAN EMOTIONS SEEN PROVERBS DIDACTIC WISE SAYINGS THAT ARE DESIGNED TO GOVERN OUR LIVES ECCLES- IASTES DIDACTIC EVALUATES THE FUTILITY OF LIFE APART FROM GOD SONG OF SOLOMON DRAMATIC A POEM THAT EXPRESSES THE JOYS & DANGERS OF HUMAN LOVE

  32. HEBREW POETRY • PARALLELISM is the primary feature of Hebrew poetry...not rhyme. • It is “thought” or “sense” rhyme. • There are 3 common types of parallelism. #1 – SYNONYMOUS PARALLELISM #2 – ANTITHETIC PARALLELISM #3 – SYNTHETIC PARALLELISM

  33. HEBREW POETRY • SYNONYMOUS PARALLELISM • The same thought given in the first line is repeated in different words in the second line. (The thoughts are parallel even though exact synonymity is rare). • Psalm 19:1-2 THE HEAVENS ARE TELLINGTHE GLORY OF GOD AND THEIR EXPANSE IS DECLARINGTHE WORK OF HIS HANDS DAY TO DAY POURS FORTH SPEECH AND NIGHT TO NIGHT REVEALS KNOWLEDGE

  34. HEBREW POETRY (2) ANTITHETIC PARALLELISM • The thought in the first line is contrasted by the thought in the second line. • The second part expresses the opposite or a contrary idea. • PSALM 1:6 THE LORD KNOWS THE WAY OF THE RIGHTEOUS BUT THE WAY OF THE WICKED WILL PERISH

  35. HEBREW POETRY (3) SYNTHETIC PARALLELISM • One thought is built on another. The second line takes up and in some way develops further a thought begun in the first line. The second line will include something not found in the first. • PSALM 1:2-3 • BUT HIS DELIGHT IS IN THE LAW OF THE LORD AND IN HIS LAW HE MEDITATES DAY AND NIGHT AND HE WILL BE LIKE A TREE PLANTED BY THE STREAMS OF WATER WHICH YIELDS ITS FRUIT IN ITS SEASON

  36. HEBREW POETRY OTHER FEATURES??? • Other types of parallelism • Acrostic arrangement – e.g. starting each verse with the next Hebrew letter in the alphabet. • Alliteration – e.g. starting each verse with the same letter. • Significant use of word pictures, figures of speech and personification.

  37. THE THREE PRIMARY OFFICES IN ISRAEL FAMILY OF AZRIEL PROPHET NO FAMILY NO TRIBE JEREMIAH 7 TRIBE OF ASHER PRIEST NUMBERS 3 KING 2 SAMUEL 7 LINE OF DAVID TRIBE OF LEVI THE PURITY OF THE OFFICE OF THE PROPHET WAS GUARENTEED BECAUSE GOD SELECTED THEM INDIVIDUALLY

  38. THE PROPHETS OF ISRAEL:THE HEBREW WORDS #1 – nabhi -Exodus 4:15-16; 7:1 -Aaron would be the “mouth” of Moses. -Jeremiah 1:17; 15:19 -Jeremiah would speak for God; he would be “as God’s mouth.” *The “nabhi” did not originate the message but only delivered what God had said. (He was the mouth not the brain). #2 – ro’eh/hozeh -1 Samuel 9:9 (Note Numbers 12:6-7) - A “seer”. He received the message from God by means of visions and dreams.

  39. THE PROPHETS OF ISRAEL:THE ROLE OF THE PROPHET The prophet’s role was far more than one who predicted the future. #1 – He was a PREACHER basing much of his ministry/message on Israel’s “constitution” (the Mosaic Law) #2 – He was a PREDICTOR (prophet) of future events. #3 – He was a WATCHMAN standing guard over Israel’s constitution. #4 – He was often a COUNSELLOR to the king, attempting to help the king rule in righteousness.

  40. THE PROPHETS OF ISRAEL: TRUE AND FALSE PROPHETS (Deut. 13 & 18) (1) A TRUE PROPHET ALWAYS SPOKE IN THE NAME (authority) OF THE LORD. (2) THE PROPHECIES OF THE TRUE PROPHET WERE ALWAYS ACCURATE. (Near/Far view) (3) THE TRUE PROPHET’S MINISTRY ALWAYS LED PEOPLE TO WALK WITH THE LORD. (4) THE TRUE PROPHET NEVER CONTRADICTED PREVIOUS REVELATION FROM GOD. (5) THE TRUE PROPHET’S MESSAGE WAS OF HIGH MORAL AND SPIRITUAL QUALITY. (6) THE LIFE OF A FALSE PROPHET WAS CHARACTERIZED BY GREED, PRIDE AND IMMORALITY. Note Jeremiah 23

  41. THE PROPHETS OF ISRAEL: “MAJOR” and “MINOR’ A PROPHET HAS BEEN DESIGNATED AS “MAJOR” BECAUSE: (1) VOLUME – THE BOOK IS SIMPLY LARGER, CONTAINING MORE MATERIAL. (2) SCOPE – IT INCLUDES MANY SUBJECTS AND ISSUES. “MINOR” PROPHETS USUALLY HAVE A MAIN SUBJECT OR EMPHASIS.

  42. THE PROPHETS OF ISRAEL:SOME BASIC RULES OF INTERPRETATION Biblical interpretation is an ART and as well as a SCIENCE. (1) INTERPRET LITERALLY/NORMALLY. Let language function normally. E.g. Ezekiel 36:24-28. Isaiah 9:6-7. (2) INTERPRET ACCORDING TO THE HARMONY OF SCRIPTURE. E.g Joel 2:1 (3) INTERPRET ACCORDING TO THE CONTEXT ITSELF. E.g. Isaiah 35:1 (4) INTERPRET WITH THE ABRAHAMIC COVENANT IN MIND. E.g. Daniel 7:13-14; Romans 11:25-27 (5) OBSERVE THE TIME PERSPECTIVES OF PROPHECY. E.g Isaiah 9:1-7; 61:1-3

  43. THE SPIRITUAL LIFE OF THE NORTHERN KINGDOM OF ISRAEL MOSES, JOSHUA, DAVID PURE WORSHIP OF JEHOVAH----------------------------------------------------- GOLDEN CALF WORSHIP----------------------------------------------------------- BAAL WORSHIP----------------------------------------------------------- JEROBOAM I AHAB & JEZEBEL JEHU

  44. THE SPIRITUAL SETTINGIN JUDAH’S FINAL DAYS MANASSEH (Amon) HEZEKIAH JOSIAH CAPTIVITY 4 Kings

  45. THE PROPHETS OF ISRAEL GROUP #1: 7 PROPHETS WHO MINISTERED DURING THE DIVIDED KINGDOM OBADIAH JOEL JONAH AMOS HOSEA MICAH ISAIAH

  46. PERIOD OF THE KINGDOM (1) UNITED (2) DIVIDED (3) SINGLE ISRAEL (North) 10 of the tribes Saul/David/Solomon JUDAH ONLY JUDAH (South) 2 of the tribes • 931 • 1SAM 8 1 KINGS 12 721 2 KINGS 17 5862 KINGS 25 605/586

  47. PROPHETS OF THE SINGLE KINGDOM PERIOD NAHUM ZEPHANIAH HABAKKUK JEREMIAH

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