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ADS-B Information Display April 26, 2007

ADS-B Information Display April 26, 2007. Outline. Background Information Display in ATC Systems Information Display in the Cockpit Civil Aviation Military Aviation ADS-B/STARS/TIS/FIS Demonstration. Background.

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ADS-B Information Display April 26, 2007

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  1. ADS-B Information DisplayApril 26, 2007

  2. Outline • Background • Information Display in ATC Systems • Information Display in the Cockpit • Civil Aviation • Military Aviation • ADS-B/STARS/TIS/FIS Demonstration

  3. Background • For decades, Air Traffic Control has been based on the capabilities (and limitations) of radar • primary (search) • secondary (beacon) • ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast) improves situational awareness • Among equipped aircraft and ground-based ATC systems • Faster position update rate • Better accuracy (GPS further improved via WAAS), which may reduce separation, enabling increased capacity • Additional data from the aircraft • NextGen, FAA’s roadmap to the future, • Had planned for ADS-B to eventually completely replace radar, relying entirely on the military for radar surveillance • But recently, the Air Traffic Management Advisory Committee Recommended that some FAA/DoD secondary surveillance be retained as backup

  4. Introduction • Today’s ATC systems • Employ trackers capable of fusing reports from multiple radars as well as from faster-update Multilateration and ADS-B sensors • But the Computer-Human (controller) Interface, developed via years of user collaboration, has remained decidedly radar-centric • As ATC evolves, increasing responsibility for maintaining separation is expected to shift to the cockpit • Situational awareness is more localized to the vicinity and route • But just one among many of the pilot’s tasks • This briefing focuses on techniques to display new ADS-B information • To controllers • To pilots

  5. Information Display in ATC Systems • Radar-centric attributes of the Computer-Human (controller) Interface in the Terminal environment • NAS Terminal ATC system requirements • Display position (location on the screen) from just one sensor • Even when a multiple sensor view has been selected • The resulting ~5 second update rate “rhythm” has become familiar to Terminal controllers • Judge speed by distance between target ensemble locations or trail dots • Faster updates are only currently allowed in specialized applications like PRM (Precision Runway Monitoring) • Information appearing in the Data Block • Controlled, encoded, minimized, and standardized to optimize controller workload • Display of additional information available via ADS-B needs to be carefully introduced, beginning with early user involvement • STARS has three display views in the field, while a fourth “Fused Track” view has been prototyped

  6. Information Display in ATC Systems * Location of the target ensemble (symbol, leader line, data block) on the situation display relative to map background ** Fast Update sensors currently include Multilateration and ADS-B, which report in geodetic coordinates, and eScan PRM.

  7. UPS440 060 170 Extended trail histories for a surveillance & ADS-B track AAL775 020 150 T R R R History trails for a surveillance track TWA550 040 200 Display of three track update rates Fused Track View Report Update Rates and History Trails • With radar and Fast Update sensors, there will be at least three different target basic measurement rates (~1, ~5, and ~12 seconds). • A major CHI issue is how often to move the target ensemble and leave history trail dots. • In current single or multiple sensor views, the single sensor actually used to update the display determines how the display is updated • In Fusion View, alternative schemes were prototyped for AT consideration • IMMEDIATE - All updates from any sensor displayed immediately • WAVE - A 5-second timed wave display update (Used in German P1 system) • Fast Update SENSOR TIMED - A display update synchronized with ADSB or MLAT reports (~1 second) • ASR SENSOR TIMED - A display update synchronized with ASR radar reports (~5 seconds) • A “Smart” PTL (Predicted Track Line) for the ASR-timed (or current) display

  8. Fused Positions Immediate Update Mode Reported Positions The insert shows a portion of AA1541’s track with its fused position displayed. AA1541 is an track updated by both radar and a Fast Update sensor. NWA402 is a radar only target. This image shows 20 fused track and reported position updates. Click to play movie NCS System Engineering Center STARS ESC3 Fusion Demo For Official Use Only 7

  9. Wave Update Mode 8 7 6 5 4 Tracks are displayed in “ripples” that traverse from the bottom left to top right of the TCW/TDW. This image all shows all tracks displaying a PTL. 3 2 Click to play movie 1 NCS System Engineering Center STARS ESC3 Fusion Demo For Official Use Only 8

  10. Fast Update Sensor Timed Update Mode The track’s position moves at the update rate of an adapted Fast Update-sensor. Track updates are displayed based on an Fast Update sensor’s 1.0 second rate. Image shows a radar and Fast Update sensor fused track, displayed at an Fast Update sensor-like update rate. Click to play movie NCS System Engineering Center STARS ESC3 Fusion Demo For Official Use Only 9

  11. ASR Sensor Timed Update Mode The track’s position moves at the update rate of an adapted sensor. Tracks are displayed based on an ASR-9 radar’s 4.7 second scan rate. Image shows n radar and Fast Update sensor fused track displayed at a radar-like update rate. Click to play movie NCS System Engineering Center STARS ESC3 Fusion Demo For Official Use Only 10

  12. E N39 128 18 Smart PTL shows aircraft maneuvers quickly , while moving the target ensemble at rates familiar to controllers Smart PTL • Provides familiar 5 second target ensemble update, except for length and direction of a “smart” PTL (SPTL) • Uses intervening 1-second tracker updates to change length and direction of SPTL • Faster indication of unplanned speed or direction changes (No ~ 4 second delay) • Timely confirmation of aircraft turning maneuvers • Smaller swing in PTL direction when viewing turns • Applicable even without Fast Update sensors • Radars other than that selected would provide intervening PTL length and direction updates • Target Symbol is also rotated to indicate changes in direction at each track update • Can also be applied to existing single sensor displays • Alternatives beyond a straight PTL • leading dots or line segments represent predictions • Intent information • 4d Trajectory compliance

  13. F 1 Smart PTL Animation 0.5 nm Future positions every 5 sec. Aircraft without Smart PTL UAL1151 35R 073 18 F 3deg/sec@180 Kt R=0.956 nm 5 sec NORMAL PTL SMART PTL 20 sec. Stinger (Max possible in FMA) Aircraft with Smart PTL UAL1151 35R 073 18 Click for animation or play movie NCS System Engineering Center STARS ESC3 Fusion Demo 12

  14. ADS-B Information Display in the Civil Aviation Cockpit • Airborne Separation Assurance will be supported by key technologies: • “ADS-B out” equipped aircraft broadcast information via 1090ES to other aircraft, ATC, Airlines, etc. • “ADS-B in” equipped aircraft receive data directly on 1090 MHz • Merging and Spacing • Surface Situational Awareness • RTCA SC186 establishing standards • TIS-B provided by ground stations broadcasting data about non-ADS-B equipped aircraft • Aid to visual acquisition only • Typical Avionics display showing four other flights. • EIR228 is at the same altitude and the closest point of approach is predicted at 26 NMi in 5 minutes. • Use of Color is logical, but very different from ATC Generic Prototype Cockpit Display QinetiQ 2002

  15. Designed for light aircraft Multipurpose box architecture Support Free FAA Traffic Information Services (TIS) NOT TIS-B Location, direction, altitude, and climb/descent SSR only, but plan to include primary radar Via 1030 MHz uplink from ~120 Mode-S radars in CONUS Aid to visual acquisition only 1090 ES ADS-B Out Mode-S Enhanced Surveillance Available with diversity antenna Optional ADS-B in, using a separate 1090 TCAS receiver Rt-951 Typical Civil Aviation ADS-B/TIS Avionics Bendix/King Garmin Collins TDR-94 Transponder KMD-550 Multifunction Display GNS 430 Nav/Com Unit GTX 330 Transponder KT-73 Transponder • Mode-S Elementary Surveillance • Available with diversity antenna (GTX 330D) for enhanced visibility by TCAS • 1090 ES ADS-B Out • Mode-S Elementary Surveillance • Designed for General Aviation/Business • Multiple box architecture We believe that most General Aviation suppliers are working on providing ADS-B In capability in future upgrades, but awaiting application standards from RTCA SC186

  16. In addition to ADS-B and TIS-B, future GA cockpits will need Flight Information Services (FIS-B) Weather (e.g. Graphical and Textual, reports and forecasts) Advisory Aeronautical Information (e.g. SUA info, NOTAMS, E-PIREPS) One source of most FIS-B information is XM Satellite radio Covers CONUS and Alaska Low-cost subscription Already in use by tens of thousands of pilots and mariners Embraced by avionics manufacturers and integrators providing traffic and weather on the same display, for example: Garmin Advanced Data Research Electronic Flight Bag Avidyne Rockwell-Collins Integration of Flight InformationServices (FIS-B) Garmin GMX 200 Panel Mount Multifunction Display showing NEXRAD Weather via XM Radio Garmin GPSMAP 496 Hand Held GPS Receiver showing NEXRAD Weather via XM Radio

  17. Raytheon Multi-Function Color Display (4 x 6 inch LCD) Effective navigation of multiple sensor, weapon, and situational displays Applications include A-10 Day and Night Vision compatible Open HW and SW Multiple serial and ethernet interfaces Hands-on throttle and stick interface (see next chart) Raytheon Common Cockpit Processor (4 x 6 inch LCD) Seamless FFF CNDU replacement Applications include A/UH-1, C-2, C-130, E-2, EA-6, H-3, H-46, H-53, H-60, KC-135, and P-3 Day and Night Vision compatible Open HW and SW Multiple serial, ethernet, and analog interfaces Typical Military Multifunction Displays

  18. Multi-Function Color Display in A-6 Cockpit

  19. ADS-B Information Display in the Military Aviation Cockpit • Military Environment • 1st World Airspace – Mandated ATC Capability • 3rd World Airspace – Limited ATC Requirements – Bring your own… • Threat Environment – Need Situation Awareness of Friends in heavy Friend Environment – Separate from Foes • Core Condition – Any new infodisplay must be compatible with platform, training, and mission • Military Challenge • Upgrade 1090 MHzIFF System to Comply with Civil Mode S and ADS-B Emerging Mandates • Incorporate Class B (ADS-B Out only) in all Future Transponders • Incorporate Class A (ADS-B Out and In) in Key Platforms to Insure Safe Operations through Situation Awareness • Seek Opportunities to Fully Benefit from ADS-B

  20. ADS-B/STARS/TIS/FIS Demonstration – Booth 4 &5 Translight XM Satellite Repeater ATCoach Simuator ADS-B Receiver Client Display Client Display Fusion Tracker ATC Display ADS-B Server GMX200 Multifunction Display GDL 69 XM Satellite Radio Ground-Based Situation Displays 1090 ES FIS-B STARS LITE Avionics ADS-B Ground Station Marlboro, Ma. Orlando, Fl. GPS Sim. Uplink and Air-Air Simulation Quadrant ERAU Display QinetiQ Display RS232/422 TIS-B + ADS-B Data CAT21 ADS-B CAT33 TIS-B CAT62 SDPS CAT33 TIS-B CAT62 SDPS CAT21 ADS-B Ground Processing Simulation CAT21 ADS-B Internet Connection Hub / Router

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