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World War II

World War II. 18.1 The Outbreak of World War II. Nazi Expansion. March 1939 – Hitler’s armies occupied all of Czechoslovakia Hitler wants Polish city of Danzig = defies Munich Agreement Poles refuse to surrender city. Nazi Expansion. France & Britain

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World War II

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  1. World War II 18.1 The Outbreak of World War II

  2. Nazi Expansion • March 1939 – Hitler’s armies occupied all of Czechoslovakia • Hitler wants Polish city of Danzig • = defies Munich Agreement • Poles refuse to surrender city

  3. Nazi Expansion • France & Britain • Will go to war with Germany if Hitler attacks Poland • Hope for Soviet help against Nazis

  4. Soviet/Nazi Nonaggression Pact • August 23, 1939 • Stalin & Hitler agree not to attack each other • Shocks the world since Stalin had been against fascism • Secretly agreed to divide Poland

  5. War Breaks Out • Sept. 1, 1939 • German armies invade Poland • Sept. 3, 1939 • Britain & France declare war on Germany & become the Allied Powers • Soviet troops also invade eastern Poland and Finland • Poland conquered in less than 1 month

  6. Presidential Election / 1940 • Roosevelt wins reelection for his unprecedented third term • Won by promising to keep America out of war • Secretly knew that American involvement was unavoidable

  7. Lend-Lease Act • War materials flowed between Britain & the US • Britain can’t pay for the supplies • Roosevelt proposed the US lend or lease the supplies to Britain • Later extended to Soviets • $50 billion shipped total • Us received land for military bases

  8. The Fall of France

  9. German Blitzkrieg • = The use of tanks, planes, paratroopers, and advanced communications to attack quickly and overwhelm ones opponent • Means “Lightning War”

  10. France Mobilizes & Falls • French troops mobilized on the Maginot Line • = Fortification on the southern border between Germany & France • Germans defeated Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway, and Northern France

  11. France Mobilizes & Falls • Germans – go around Maginot Line through Ardennes Forrest • Beat France in 1.5 Months • British forced off continent at Dunkirk • = Huge Failure • Germany established a “puppet” French government in the south at Vichy = Vichy Regime

  12. Battle of Britain • May 10, 1940: • Winston Churchill: elected PM of Britain • Britain stands alone against the Axis • Churchill opposed appeasement towards Hitler & continued fighting

  13. Battle of Britain • August 1941 • Massive, daily & nightly bombings of British cities by Luftwaffe (German Air Force) • German Goal: Break British will to fight; doesn’t work • British Royal Air Force used radar & destroyed more German planes

  14. Operation Barbarossa • July 1941 • Need Oil – fuel for army • Hitler’s Generals against this • Hitler invades the Soviet Union • Violates their agreement; Soviets caught off guard • Two front war

  15. Battle of the Atlantic German U-Boats – Continued to cause serious damage to Allied ships & supplies Allies counteracted with – Better sonar Faster escort ships Bombing of submarine shipyards Nazis lost 783 U-Boats

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