Sustainability and Ecological Footprint Analysis

1. APES year in review – chapters 1-2 2020, The year everyone gets a 5!

2. Answers to chapter 1 pages 23-24 8 E 9 D 10 A 1 D 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 C 6 E 7 B

3. Answers to chapter 2 page 49-50 8 C 9 B 10 E 11 D 12 C 13 E 14 A 1 B 2 D 3 E 4 C 5 A 6 B 7 E

4. Know how to……….. • Convert with dimensional analysis • Make sense of the half life table • Use percentages (efficiency p 40) • Make sense of the pH scale

5. Easter Island Sustainability -Inhabitatants of Easter Island cut down the trees to build their houses faster than the trees could grow back. Was that sustainable?

6. Easter Island Sustainability -Inhabitatants of Easter Island cut down the trees to build their houses faster than the trees could grow back. Was that sustainable? NO

7. How many Earth’s would be required if everybody has the same ecological footprint as the citizens of the United States?

8. How many Earth’s would be required if everybody has the same ecological footprint as the citizens of the United States? 5

9. Which category of countries have the largest ecological footprint? Developed vs. Developing Developed Countries • Canada, U.S., Australia, Western Europe Japan, South Korea Developing Countries • Latin America, China, Africa (Kenya) • 1/5 of the world’s pop. Lives in absolute poverty, illiterate, lack clean H2O and don’t have enough food • 80% of world’s pop. Lives in developing co. and growing

10. Developed Countries Canada, U.S., Australia, Western Europe Japan, South Korea Developing Countries Latin America, China, Africa (Kenya) 1/5 of the world’s pop. Lives in absolute poverty, illiterate, lack clean H2O and don’t have enough food 80% of world’s pop. Lives in developing co. and growing Which category of countries have the largest ecological footprint? Developed vs. Developing

11. Describe the 2nd law of thermodynamics

12. When energy is transformed the ability to do work decreases even though the quantity of energy does not change. Describe the 2nd law of thermodynamics

13. When energy transfers from one form to another or from one trophic level to the one above some of the energy does not make it to the other form or the next trophic level. What form does this “missing” energy take?

14. When energy transfers from one form to another or from one trophic level to the one above some of the energy does not make it to the other form or the next trophic level. What form does this “missing” energy take? HEAT

15. Is the earth an open or closed system in regards to solar energy?

16. Is the earth an open or closed system in regards to solar energy? Open because the sun’s solar rays travel through space, are absorbed/reflected by the earth and atmosphere and then are reradiated back to space.

17. How many times more acidic is stomach acid compared to rainwater? pH = 1.6

18. How many times more acidic is stomach acid compared to rainwater? Rainwater is ph 5.6 so stomach acid is 10,000 times more acidic than rainwater pH = 1.6

19. What happened to the salinity of Mono Lake when the LADPW diverted water from Walker Creek, which fed the lake, to the people of Los Angeles? YLHS

20. What happened to the salinity of Mono Lake when the LADPW diverted water from Walker Creek, which fed the lake, to the people of Los Angeles? Salinity increased YLHS

21. When the salinity of Mono Lake increased, what happened to the algae population and the population of brine shrimp?

22. When the salinity of Mono Lake increased, what happened to the algae population and the population of brine shrimp? Decreased

23. What killed the fish in the Neuse River?

24. What killed the fish in the Neuse River? Pfiesteria

25. What caused Pfiesteria to grow out of control in the Neuse River?

26. What caused Pfiesteria to grow out of control in the Neuse River? Nutrients from hog farms washed into the river.

27. The half life of a radioactive sample is 2,000 years. How much of a 100 gram sample remains radioactive after 6,000 years?

28. The half life of a radioactive sample is 2,000 years. How much of a 100 gram sample remains radioactive after 6,000 years? Every half-life, the sample is cut in half. 100g becomes 50 grams after 2,000 years, 25 grams after 4,000 years and 12.5 grams after 6,000 years.

29. Convert 5 calories into joules Common Units and Their Conversions

30. Convert 5 calories into joules 5 calories x 4 joules/ calorie = 20 joules Common Units and Their Conversions

31. A metric ton of anthracite coal contains 10,000 MJ of energy. Given these efficiencies, how much energy is produced as incandescent light? Heat Heat Heat 65% 35% 10% of the energy is lost to heat and sound when electricity is carried along power lines- transmission of energy is 90% efficient Incandescent light bulbs are only 5% efficient 1 metric ton of coal burned has 24,000 MJ 8,400 MJ of electricity is produced

32. A metric ton of anthracite coal has10,000 MJ of energy. Given these efficiencies, how much energy is produced as incandescent light? 10,000 MJ x .35 *.9 * .05 = 157.5 MJ of incandescent light. Heat Heat Heat 65% 35% 10% of the energy is lost to heat and sound when electricity is carried along power lines- transmission of energy is 90% efficient Incandescent light bulbs are only 5% efficient 1 metric ton of coal burned has 24,000 MJ 8,400 MJ of electricity is produced

33. Do these calculations violate the second law of thermodynamics? 10,000 MJ x .35 *.9 * .05 = 157.5 MJ of incandescent light. Heat Heat Heat 65% 35% 10% of the energy is lost to heat and sound when electricity is carried along power lines- transmission of energy is 90% efficient Incandescent light bulbs are only 5% efficient 1 metric ton of coal burned has 24,000 MJ 8,400 MJ of electricity is produced

34. Do these calculations violate the second law of thermodynamics? 10,000 MJ x .35 *.9 * .05 = 157.5 MJ of incandescent light. No, energy is not lost to the system, it is transformed into heat. Heat Heat Heat 65% 35% 10% of the energy is lost to heat and sound when electricity is carried along power lines- transmission of energy is 90% efficient Incandescent light bulbs are only 5% efficient 1 metric ton of coal burned has 24,000 MJ 8,400 MJ of electricity is produced

35. When coal is burned, most of the energy is transformed into __________ Heat Heat Heat 65% 35% 10% of the energy is lost to heat and sound when electricity is carried along power lines- transmission of energy is 90% efficient Incandescent light bulbs are only 5% efficient 1 metric ton of coal burned has 24,000 MJ 8,400 MJ of electricity is produced

36. When coal is burned, most of the energy is transformed into __heat________ Heat Heat Heat 65% 35% 10% of the energy is lost to heat and sound when electricity is carried along power lines- transmission of energy is 90% efficient Incandescent light bulbs are only 5% efficient 1 metric ton of coal burned has 24,000 MJ 8,400 MJ of electricity is produced

37. Identify the following metric prefixes: • Kilo • milli • centi • micro

38. Identify the following metric prefixes: • Kilo • milli • centi • micro

39. Which is a positive feedback loop and which is a negative feedback loop?

40. Which is a positive feedback loop and which is a negative feedback loop? Positive Negative

41. Is this a positive or negative feedback loop?

42. Is this a positive or negative feedback loop? Positive

43. Positive or negative feedback loop?

44. Positive or negative feedback loop? Positive

45. How many meters in a kilometer?

46. How many meters in a kilometer?

47. How many square centimeters in a square meter?

48. How many square centimeters in a square meter? 10,000 cm2

49. How many cubic meters in a cubic kilometer?

50. How many cubic meters in a cubic kilometer? 3