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CHAPTER 4

CHAPTER 4. STRESS, COPING, AND MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR. STRESS AND COPING. Stress Emotional response to behavioral, biochemical, physiological changes related to acute or chronic challenges known as stressors. Stress and Coping

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CHAPTER 4

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  1. CHAPTER 4 STRESS, COPING, AND MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR

  2. STRESS AND COPING • Stress • Emotional response to behavioral, biochemical, physiological changes related to acute or chronic challenges known as stressors. • Stress and Coping • Ability to cope depends on individual vulnerability and resilience. • Coping Skills • Characteristic ways of dealing with difficulties. • Coping Processes • Seek pertinent information • Share concerns with others. • Redefine situation to make it more solvable. • Consider alternatives and examine consequences. • Use humor to defuse situation.

  3. STRESS AND VULNERABILITY

  4. TYPES OF DENIAL OF STRESS

  5. THE COPING PROCESS

  6. AIDS TO BEHAVIORAL COPING

  7. SOME PSYCHOLOGICAL, BODILY, AND BEHAVIORAL REACTIONS TO STRESS

  8. TWO EXAMPLES OF TASK-ORIENTED COPING

  9. STRESSFUL SITUATIONSAND LIFE TRANSITIONS • Unexpected situations • Accidents and natural disasters • Personal crises • Bereavement and grief • Life Transitions • Birth and child development • Adolescence • Going to college • Entry into the workforce • Marriage • Bearing and raising children • Establishing a new residence • Children’s milestones • Retirement

  10. FACTORS THAT HEIGHTEN RISK FOR POOR OUTCOME OF BEREAVEMENT

  11. Behavioral Crying Agitation, restlessness Preoccupation with deceased Social withdrawal Decreased concentration Depressed mood Anxiety Physiological Muscular weakness Sighing Sleep disturbance Immunological changes Endocrine changes Cardiovascular changes Decreased body weight BEHAVIORAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF BEREAVEMENT

  12. CLINICAL REACTIONS TO STRESS • Adjustment Disorder • Acute Stress Disorder • Dissociative Disorders • Dissociative Amnesia • Localized amnesia • Selective amnesia • Generalized amnesia • Continuous amnesia • Systemized amnesia • Dissociative Fugue • Dissociative Identity Disorder • Depersonalization

  13. NORMAL AND ABNORMALRESPONSES TO STRESS

  14. INFORMATION NEEDED IN MAKING A DIAGNOSIS OF ADJUSTMENT DISORDER • Time of onset and duration of stressor • Symptoms must develop within 3 months after onset. • Duration of symptoms • Usually less than 6 months • Depressed mood, and/or anxiety, and/or inappropriate or antisocial conduct

  15. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIAFOR ACUTE STRESS DISORDER • Exposure to an extreme event that evokes fear, helplessness, or horror • Dissociative symptoms • Persistent reexperiencing of the event • Marked avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event • Marked anxiety and arousal • Clinically significant symptoms that • last for a minimum of 2 days and a maximum of 4 weeks, and • emerge within 4 weeks of the traumatic event, and • are not due to the effect of a substance or general medical condition.

  16. MAJOR FEATURES OF DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS

  17. TREATING STRESS-RELATED DISORDERS • Supportive Therapy • Medications • Relaxation Training • Systematic Desensitization • Cognitive Modification • Social Intervention

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