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Cultures Clash on the Prairie & Settling the Great Plains

Cultures Clash on the Prairie & Settling the Great Plains. Chapter 5, Sec. 1, 2. Indians & Settlers. Plains Indians rode horses that had gone wild from when the Spanish brought them over Hunted buffalo for food, tools, clothing, etc.

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Cultures Clash on the Prairie & Settling the Great Plains

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  1. Cultures Clash on the Prairie & Settling the Great Plains Chapter 5, Sec. 1, 2

  2. Indians & Settlers • Plains Indians rode horses that had gone wild from when the Spanish brought them over • Hunted buffalo for food, tools, clothing, etc. • White (and Black) Settlers came in to farm, mine gold/silver, raise cattle, etc.

  3. Indians & Settlers • The U.S. govt. made the land they set aside for Native Americans smaller and smaller

  4. Attacks on the Indians • 1864 Massacre at Sand Creek: U.S. Military kills 150 of the Cheyenne and Arapaho • The 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie forced the Sioux into a small reservation • Created a temporary peace between Native Americans and the U.S. govt. • Sioux leader Sitting Bull never actually signed it…

  5. Attacks on the Indians • By 1872, settlers moved into the Black Hills (Sioux land) looking for gold & silver • 1876 Sitting Bull and Sioux warriors countered George A. Custer and killed him and most of his men in battle • But the U.S. sent reinforcements and crushed the Sioux.

  6. Attacks on the Indians • 1887 Dawes Act forced Indians to “Americanize,” split up their tribal lands into individual land plots • Children were often taken from their family to a boarding school, taught English, Christianity, etc. • White vacationers killed most of the buffalo

  7. Attacks on the Indians • Sioux became poor and desperate, started performing the “Ghost Dance” ritual • U.S. became scared of this “cult-like” behavior, killed Sitting Bull in 1890 • In the 1890 Battle of Wounded Knee, U.S. troops slaughtered 300 unarmed Indians • This battle ended the era of warfare between Indians and the U.S. govt.

  8. Cattle and Cowboys • Cattle would be driven (herded) north from Texas up to the railroads • They would be loaded on trains and shipped to big cities like Chicago and St. Louis • Life as a cowboy was extremely difficult • Not the exciting stuff in the movies…

  9. Settling the Great Plains • From 1850s to 1870s govt. gave huge land grants to railroads • RR companies would get extra free land for each mile of track they laid • 1869 First transcontinental RR completed • Linked West Coast to the East Coast

  10. Settling the Great Plains • 1862 Homestead Act: 160 acres of land for free to anyone who would farm/build on it • Free land doesn’t mean it was good… • RRs and others actually took advantage of this too • On one day in 1889 most of Oklahoma went up for grabs

  11. Settling the Great Plains • Life was rough for settlers, many lived in Soddies: homes made from dug out sod • Everyone in the family worked, lots of children

  12. Settling the Great Plains • New tech greatly increase farm productivity • Morril Act of 1862 &1890 helped improve the science of farming • Building up large bonanza farms also built up the debt of farmers

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