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Cloud type identification by meteorological satellites

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brady-key
23 diapositives · 367 Views · Nov 18, 2014

This study explores cloud type identification through both satellite imagery and ground observations. High-level clouds such as Cirrus (Ci) and Middle-level clouds like Altostratus (As), as well as Low-level clouds including Stratus (St) and Cumulus (Cu), are analyzed. Key images from various dates illustrate the cloud types over Tottori and Tokyo, with a particular focus on the differences in classification from visible and infrared data. The methodologies employed enhance our understanding of cloud structures and their meteorological implications.

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  1. Cloud type identificationby meteorological satellites

  2. Cloud types identified by meteorological satellite and cloud forms observed from ground Cloud type identified Symbols used Level Cloud forms observed from ground Symbol High level cloud Ci High Cirrus Ci Middle level cloud Cm Cirrocumulus Cc Stratocumulus Sc Cirrostratus Cs Stratus/fog St Middle Altocumulus Ac Cumulus Cu Altostratus As Cumulus congestus Cg Nimbostratus Ns Cumulonimbus Cb Low Stratocumulus Sc Stratus St Cumulus Cu Cumulonimbus Cb

  3. <Cloud types from satellite>Cloud area of Ci only Infrared image Visible image Both images taken at 0900 JST, July 9, 1984 (An arrow points at the vicinity of Tottori City, Tottori Prefecture). <Cloud forms observed from ground> (Ci and Cs) CL=0 CM=3 CH=5 Photograph of clouds taken from the ground (Tottori City,Tottori Prefecture) at 0801 JST, July 9, 1984 .

  4. <Cloud types observed from satellite> Cloud area of Ci and Cm superposed Infrared image Visible image Both images taken at 1200 JST, September 22, 1978. (A circle Indicates the vicinity of Tottori City, Tottori Prefecture.) <Cloud form observed from ground > Translucent altocumulus (Ac) CL=0 CM=3 CH=0 Photograph of clouds taken from the ground (Tottori City,Tottori Prefecture) at 1111 JST, September 22, 1978.

  5. <Cloud types observed from satellite> Cloud area of coexisting Cu and Sc Infrared image taken at 1800 JST, August 19, 1983. (Circle indicating the vicinity of Kiyose City, Tokyo.) <Cloud forms observed from ground > (Cu and Ac)CL=2 CM=4 CH=0 Photograph of clouds taken from the ground (Kiyose City, Tokyo) at 1740 JST, August 19, 1983.

  6. <Cloud types observed from satellite> Cloud area of Ci only <Cloud forms observed from ground> (Ac) CL=0 CM=5 CH=0 Infrared image taken at 1800 JST, September 6, 1981. (An arrow points at Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture.) Photograph of clouds taken from the ground (Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture.) at 1710 JST, September 6,1981.

  7. <Cloud types observed from satellite> Cloud area of Sc only Infrared image Visible image Both images taken at 1200 JST,November 12,1984 (A circle indicates the vicinity of Tokyo). < Cloud forms observed from ground> (Sc) CL=5 CM=/ CH=/ Photograph of clouds taken from the ground (Chiyoda-ku,Tokyo) in November 12,1984.

  8. <Cloud types observed from satellite> Cloud area of coexisting Cb ,Cg and Cu Infrared image taken at 1800 JST,August 10, 1985. (A ×mark indicates the vicinity of Kiyose City Tokyo) <Cloud forms observed from ground> Capillary cumulonimbus cloud Photograph of clouds taken from the ground (Kiyose City, Tokyo) at 1810 JST, August 10,1985.

  9. <Cloud forms observed from ground> Cumulus (Cu) CL=2 CM=X CH=X <Cloud types observed from satellite> Cloud area of coexisting Cu and Cg Infrared image Visible image Photograph of clouds taken from the ground Both images taken in December 19,1994 (arrow pointing at Ohshima Motomachi, Tokyo)

  10. Features of cloud type identification by satellites • vs. Surface Observation • Views cloud tops from the universe • ( 36,000km above Equator) • Coarse Resolution • (GMS-5 ; 1.25km in VIS , 5km in IR ) • Detailed classification impossible. • Basically different from Surface observation • From Satellite : “cloud types”, • From Surface : “cloud forms”.

  11. Cloud type Classification High level cloud Ci Stratiform clouds High level clouds Middle level cloud Cm Middle level clouds Stratus/fog St Low level clouds Stratocumulus Sc  Cumulus Cu Convective clouds Cumulus congestus Cg  Cumulonimbus Cb Classification of Cloud types

  12. Identification of cloud types • Cloud type identification by computer • Uses VIS, IR, Water Vapor and the IR Split Window channel imageries. • Objective identification is possible. • Difficult to consider meteorological conditions and cloud patterns. • Cloud type identification by human eyes • VIS and IR have been used • Being able to use other comprehensive meteorological knowledge

  13. Identification by visible and infrared imageries 図２－３－１　　雲型判別ダイアグラム

  14. Identification of cloud types • Identification by shapes • Identification by texture • Identification by movement • Identification by changes with time

  15. Case study of cloud type identification Figure 2-4-1 a Infrared image for cloud type identification taken at 03 UTC in March 20, 1999. Figure 2-4-1 b Visible image for cloud type identification taken a 03 UTC in March 20, 1999.

  16. Ci ( High cloud ) Infrared image Visible image

  17. Cm ( Middle cloud ) Infrared image Visible image

  18. St ( Stratus/Fog ) Infrared image Visible image

  19. Sc ( Stratocumulus ) Infrared image Visible image

  20. Cu ( Cumulus ) Infrared image Visible image

  21. Cb (Cumulonimbus)/Cg (Cumulus congestus) Infrared image Visible image (F pointed by a wedge is Cb. G pointed by wedges is Cg.)

  22. Dense Ci Infrared image Visible image

  23. Case study of the granular Ci Infrared image Visible image